Index
A
Aboriginal Peoples. See First Nations.
Adirondack Mountains, 231-233
agriculture, 79, 180, 215, 259-260
air travel, 125n54
airplanes, 16-17, 115
Akwesasne, QC, 135
Alaska, sea cruises to, 204, 221
Alert Bay, BC, 209, 213-215
Algonquin Hotel, 263
Alison, Hugh, 255-257
Alporto (boat), 100n19
Ambassador Bridge, 184, 186, 190-193
American Canoe Association (ACA), 8
encampments, 232-233, 236-242
canoe touring at, 241-242
division by gender, 239
domesticity, 239
travel to attend, 235-238
women at, 234, 238-239, 246n14, 247n29
formation of, 231
membership, 231, 246n13
regattas, 242-243
Ames, Mabel Croucher, 91
Anishinaabeg, 83
antimodernism, 288-289, 315
Anyox, BC, 211-212
Architect (ship), 34, 36
artists, 317
Ashbridges Bay (Toronto), 164
Association des bons chemins de la Province de Québec, 302
atomization, 97
automobiles, 8, 12, 104, 109-111, 260-262. See also Prince Edward Island: ban on automobiles
manufacturing of, 181, 183-186, 191-192
roads for, 137, 189-190, 285, 292, 302-305
all-weather, 119-120
government promotion of, 303, 310
protests against, 170n32
relocation of, 134
tourism via, 218, 285, 289-292, 300-303, 309, 317-318
travel via, 133, 137-139, 218, 251
B
Baddeck, NS, 72
Baedeker, Karl, 284
Baie de Chaleur, 71-72
Bain, Joseph, 84
Bala Falls, ON, 241
Banff, AB, 114, 252, 263, 282
Banff National Park, 282, 292
Banff Springs Hotel, 202, 263-266, 276, 282-286
Banff-Windermere Highway, 285, 290-294
Barker, Kent, 133
Baranowski, Shelley, 222
Bateman, Christina (née Henry). See Henry
beaches, 70-71
Bear, Billy, 103, 106, 109
Bear River, NS, 29-30, 49n12, 51n40
Beauharnois dam, 129
Beaumaris Hotel, 85
Beaumont, John James, 86, 89, 93, 97, 100n19
Bella Bella, BC, 210
Bella Coola, BC, 215
Belvedere Golf Club, 258, 262
Berton, Pierre, 5, 16, 20n10
Big River, SK, 116
billboards, 304
Bird, William, 103
Bliss, Michael, 15
Blue Ridge Parkway, 293
Bluewater Highway, 310
Boak, Robert, 36
boats. See names of specific boats.
boreal forest, 104, 112
Bowen Island, BC, 218
Bozo the bear, 293-294
Bracebridge, ON, 83
branch plants, 183
Bras d’Or Lake, NS, 71-72
bridges, 135, 141, 166, 251, 279-280. See also names of specific bridges.
Brighton Beach, ON, 186-189
Brinley, David Putnam, 316-317
Brinley, Katherine Sanger, 301, 317
Britannia, BC, 216-217
Brooks, John, 116
Brown, Harold, 217
bungalow camps, 264-265, 285-288, 291, 295. See also names of specific bungalow camps
Butedale, BC, 210
C
Camosun (ship), 208
Campbell, Colin, Jr., 51n39, 51n41
Campbell, James, 32
Campbell, John, 84
camping, 113, 240-241, 287-288, 313. See also American Canoes Association, encampments
Canada-U.S. Automotive Products Agreement (Auto Pact), 191-192
Canada-U.S. border, 7, 18, 25, 128-137, 177-190, 233-237, 292, 301
Canada-U.S. relations, 129, 133, 145
Canadian Golfer (magazine), 267
Canadian Motorist (magazine), 303, 311
Canadian National Exhibition seawall, 165-166
Canadian National Railway, 63, 215, 263-268
Canadian Pacific Navigation Company, 206
Canadian Pacific Railway, 8, 70, 206, 222n1, 263-269, 277-295
Canadian Salt Company, 188-189
Canadian Shield, 83, 104
canals, 128, 135-136, 144-145
canoes, 8, 105, 115, 199, 234-237, 243, 313-314
Cap Gros-Morne, QC, 311-312
Cape Breton, NS, 52n57
Carignan, Richard, 140
carioles, 16
cart roads, 105-106
Cartier, Jacques, 310
Cassels, Walter G.P., 259-260
caterpillar tractors, 117-120
Cavers Hill, ON, 312
Centennius, Ralph, 1-3, 17, 19
Charlevoix, QC, 304
Chignecto coal mines, 67
Chobee, O.K., 234
Chorley Park (Toronto), 159-161
Christopher Lake, SK, 110-116, 121
Chrysler Canada, 189
Churchill, MB, 1, 17
Churchill River, SK, 104, 122n2
City of Windsor, 188-194, 198n38
Civil War, U.S., 35
Clear Lake, MB, 125n40
Coast Mountains, 207-209, 221
Cocks, Catherine, 211
Cole, Douglas, 221
colonization roads, 83
Colt, Harry, 255-257
commodities, trade in, 47
Confederation, 20n4, 58
W.D. Lawrence’s opposition to, 38-41
Constance (boat), 87-92, 97
construction. See excavation and earth moving, landmaking, railways: construction of, road building, shipbuilding, subway, Toronto: construction
consumer culture, 239-240
corduroy roads, 106, 111, 119
cordword, as fuel, 82, 89-91, 97
Cornwall, ON, 131, 139
cottages, 83-87, 100n15
Country Club of Montreal, 251
Cox, Charles, 36, 53n66
Craig, Béatrice, 81
Crawford Street Bridge (Toronto), 166
Cree, 103, 105
Creighton, Donald, 4-5
Cresswell, Tim, 10, 230
Cronon, William, 12, 57, 276
Crosby, Alfred, 11-12
Crouch, David, 243
Cruising the Coast of Romance (book), 217
Cullon, T.M., 96
Cumberland House, SK, 105
Cutch (ship), 204-206
cycling, 121
D
Daily Herald (Prince Albert), 109-110
Dalhousie College, 33
dams. See also names of specific dams
ecological effects of, 137, 142-143
flooding, 131
lock size, 140-141
resettlement as result of, 132-135
use of fill material for earthworks, 142-143
Davis, T.C., 112
de Certeau, Michel, 230, 244
deforestation, 37, 46-47, 51n38
DeLeuw, Cather & Company, 153
Department of Highways (Ontario), 163, 189, 198, 302, 312
Department of Indian Affairs (Canada), 105-06, 119, 233
Department of Lands and Forests (Canada), 140-141
Department of Mines (Ontario), 157
Department of Northern Development (Ontario), 308-310
Department of the Interior (Canada), 113, 119, 124n36, 264-265, 275, 282, 290
Desportes, Marc, 300
Detroit, MI, 7, 176
Detroit River, 176-178, 186, 196n5
bridges over, 183-184. See also Ambassador Bridge, Gordie Howe International Bridge
Detroit River International Crossing (DRIC), 194
Detroit-Windsor tunnels, 178, 190
Digby, NS, 43, 52n56
Division of Industrial Wastes (Ontario), 188
Dominion Fisheries Act, 140
Dominion in 1983 (pamphlet), 1, 17
Dominion Iron and Steel Company, 67
Dominion Steel and Coal Company, 186, 189
Don Valley Brickworks (Toronto), 155, 169n16
Don Valley Conservation Association, 160, 168
Douglas constituency, 40
Douglas, NS, (Maitland), 31
Dreyfus Brothers, 43-44
Duncan, Colin, 9
Duncan, W.E.P., 159
E
Eaton, Timothy, 94
Eaton’s department store, 92-93
ecology, 142, 148n20
economy
global, 28, 42
U.S., 32, 42
E.C. Row Avenue (Windsor, ON), 189
Edith May (boat), 87, 89
Edwards, E.B., 234
eel ladders, 140
Ellis, James, 41
Emerald Lake Chalet, 286, 288
Empress Hotel, 263
Emma Lake, SK, 110-116, 118
engineers, 60-62, 127, 144, 152-153
environmental history, 10
Essex County, ON, 180
excavation and earth moving, 129, 142, 152, 159-166. See also landfills, landmaking
F
farming, 79, 180, 215, 259-260
Ferguson, G. Howard, 184
Ferguson Highway, 310-312
ferries, 137, 178, 183, 196n5
Field, BC, 286
First Nations, 83, 103, 105. See also Anishinaabeg, Cree, Department of Indian Affairs (Canada), Little Red River Reserve, SK, Treaty 6
communities, 135-136, 204, 210-211, 213
erasure of presence, 242, 245n3, 247n27, 282, 297n26, 313
representations of, 206-210, 213-215, 221
fish and game laws, 70
fish hatcheries, 70
fishing, 68-70, 108, 115-16, 313
Flin Flon, MB, 115
floatplanes, 115
food distribution, 89-93, 108, 206
Ford, Henry, 184
Ford Motor Company of Canada, 183, 189-191
forest fires, 109
Forest, Stream and Seashore (brochure), 65-72
forestry, 108, 112. See also logging
forests, 45, 207, 212-213, 311
Forge, Francis, 79, 86, 100n18
Forman, Richard, 19
fossil fuels, 24-25, 82, 96, 108, 145, 218
Free Trade Agreement (1988), 192
Freeman, Michael, 235
freight transport, 73-74, 103-109, 115-121, 206
friction, 23, 106-107
Friesens Corporation, 5
Furlough, Ellen, 222
G
Gandy, Matthew, 12
Gardiner Expressway (Toronto), 165
Gardiner, Fred, 166
Gardom, Basil, 287
Garrison Creek (Toronto), 166
gasoline, 96, 218
Gaspé, QC, 304, 309-317
geology and soil science, 154-157
Gibson, A., 38-39
glaciation, 155-157
Glazebrook, George, 4
Goldfields, SK, 115
golf, 8
at tourist resorts, 262-263
diffusion, 253, 270n4
“golden era” of, 252
origins in United Kingdom, 253, 259
participants prior to 1930, 254
role of Scottish immigrants in Canadian, 253
golf courses. See also Prince Edward Island: golf courses, and names of specific golf clubs and courses
design of, 254-256, 268, 271n7
early North American, 253
impression of nature while playing on, 254-255, 259, 261, 265, 268
relocation of, 257, 261
Gomery, Percy, 304
Gordie Howe International Bridge, 193
government intervention, 15-16, 57, 59, 63
government regulation, 96
Grainger, Martin Allerdale, 220
Grand Trunk Railway, 59, 261
Great Western Railway, 177
guano trade, 43
Gulf Islands, BC, 206
gypsum, 31-33, 45-47, 49n16
H
Haldrup, Michael, 240
Halifax, NS, 56, 58
Hanna, William, 86, 89, 95, 100n19
Hants County, NS, 42-43, 52n56
Hantsport, NS, 49n12, 52n55
Harding, H.S., 36
Harkin, J.B., 111
Harris, Cole, 221
Heinmiller, Timothy, 139
Hémon, Louis, 309
Henry, Christina, 103-106, 109-110, 114-115, 121, 122n2
high modernism, 127, 133, 144-145, 145n5
negotiated, 133
highways, 111, 115, 118-119, 189, 290-292, 300-305. See also names of specific highways
Highway 2, 137-138
Highway 401, 137-139, 190, 192
hiking, 121, 285-289
historiography, 3-5, 11-12
Homer, George Henry, 87-90
Hornsby, Stephen, 30, 51n40
horseback riding, 289
horses, 103, 107-108, 110, 117, 119-120, 289
hotels, 68-71, 85. See also tourist resorts, and names of specific hotels
Howe, Joseph, 40
Howe Sound, BC, 206, 216-218
Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), 104-108, 123n11
hunting, 69-70, 293, 313
Huntsville, ON, 83, 96
hydroelectricity, 128, 145
Hydro Electric Power Commission of Ontario (HEPCO), 129, 133-135, 164
I
ice, 6, 14, 55, 83, 106, 144
ice roads, 6, 106-109, 119-120
Imperial Oil, 96
Indian Residential School Commission, 119
Indigenous Peoples. See First Nations.
industrial sites, 139, 178, 181, 185-186
representations of, 211-212, 218
Ingleside, ON, 131
Innis, Harold, 4-5, 10, 18
Intercolonial Railway, 6, 14, 55-75, 144, 259
internal combustion engine, 82, 94, 98, 108
invasive species, 143-144
iron and steel, 59, 67
Iroquois control dam, ON, 129, 143
Iroquois, ON, 131-135
J
Jabberwock Canoe Club, 235
Jakle, John, 70
Jasen, Patricia, 84, 285
Jasper, AB, 252, 257, 264-268
Jasper Park Lodge, 264-265
Johnson, Pauline, 231
Jones, Christopher E., 12
Jones, J. C., 38-39
Joint Board of Engineers, 129
Julia and Spartan (ship), 53n66
K
Kahnawake, QC, 135-136, 143
Keefer, T.C., 2, 13
Keighley, Sydney, 106
Kidd, Bruce, 234
Kings County, NS, 52n57
Kingsport, NS, 29, 49n12
Kootenay National Park, 288, 292-294
L
Lac La Ronge, SK, 104-106, 114, 119-121, 122n2
Lady Alexandra (ship), 216
Lady of the Lake (boat), 86
Lake Athabaska, 115
Lake Champlain, 235
Lake George, NY, 231
Lake Joseph, ON, 84-86, 91
Lake Muskoka, ON, 84-86, 95
Lake O’Hara Camp, 288
Lake Rosseau, ON, 79, 84, 86, 89-91, 97
Lake St. Lawrence, 131, 137, 142
Lake Superior International Highway Project, 311
lampreys, 143
landfills, 152, 162-166, 188
landmaking, 135, 142, 162-166
landscape associationism, 211, 241, 277, 288
Larsen, Jonas, 207
Latjai, Emory, 157
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, 15
Lawrence, W. D., 27, 33-40, 47, 54n74
Legget, Robert F., 153-156
legislature, Nova Scotian, 40
leisure, 7, 14-16, 112-113, 119, 199, 251-254, 265
Leslie Street Spit, 164-165
Lévesque, Guillaume, 13-14
Little Red River Reserve, SK, 116
Liverpool, UK, 38
Lloyds (insurance company), 44
localism, 30, 49n10
logging, 32, 45-46, 90-91, 208, 212, 213, 215, 216-217, 220. See also forestry
Long Sault, ON, 131-135
Long Sault dam, 129, 131
Long Sault Parkway, 135
Loo, Tina, 133
Lost Villages, 131, 135, 139
Louter, David, 12, 300
Lower, Arthur, 4
Lundlie, O.M., 113, 115
Lunenburg, NS, 52n56
M
MacDonald, Sir John A., 279
MacDonald, Lady Agnes, 279
MacEachern, Alan, 19n1
Mackay, J.A., 105
Mackay, Jim, 220
Mackenzie King, William Lyon, 114
McCalla, Douglas, 81
McCallum, A., 36, 47, 54n74, 54n75
McCallum, H.E., 160
McCann, Larry, 52n57
McCarthy, Tom, 11-12, 81
McCloskey, M.C., 109-10
McDonald, Charles, 114
McDougall, Alexander, 34
McKay, Donald, 33
McKay, Nan, 103, 109-110, 114, 121, 122n2
McLuhan, Marshall, 10
McNab, Sir Allan, 18
mail-order, 87
Maitland, NS, 6, 15, 27-48, 51n40
population, 37, 44, 53n62
Maitland, Peregrine, 31
Malden Landfill, 188-189
Mancke, Elizabeth, 81
manufacturing, 178, 181-183, 186, 191, 192.
Marx, Leo, 11, 211
mastery over nature, 131, 135, 277-280. See also high modernism
Matapédia, QC, 61, 310
Mennonites, 120
Merchant’s Bank of Halifax, 44
Metlakatla, BC, 211
Michie’s, 92
middle class, 234, 253, 285-286, 290, 294, 309
and nature, 67-68
Miller, Roscoe D., 311
Minas Basin, NS, 35
mining, 115
Mink (boat), 89, 97, 100n19
Mira, NS, 68
Mitchell, Hillyard, 105
mobility, collective, 94, 96
concept of, 3, 9-10, 81, 122n4, 230-231, 299-300
personal, 94-95, 98
mobility corridors, 121
Monteith, Joseph, 47, 54n74
Montreal, 135, 140-141
Montreal Lake, SK, 103-106, 109, 115-117, 120, 123n11
Montreal River, SK, 104
Moore, Marvin, 40
Moraine Lake Camp, 288
Morrisburg, ON, 131
Moses-Saunders dam, 129, 131-132, 140
Motor Queen (boat), 96
Mount Royal (Montreal), 261
mountains, 55, 207-209, 266, 276-279, 284, 288. See also names of specific mountain ranges
mud, 23, 111-113, 135, 161
Muir, John, 204, 290
Mulligan, David, 251, 270
“mulligan” (golf term), 251
muskeg, 106-109, 117, 119
Muskoka and Georgian Bay Navigation Company, 87
Muskoka Club, 84
Muskoka Lakes Association (MLA), 87-88, 92-94
Muskoka Lakes Navigation and Hotel Company, 97
Muskoka region, ON, 6, 79-98, 241, 309
N
National Battlefields Commission, 262
National Geographic, 310
national parks, 113-115, 282-290. See also Banff National Park, Kootenay National Park, Prince Albert National Park, Yoho National Park
National Parks Branch, 111, 292, 295
National Research Council (NRC) Division of Building Research, 156
natural resources, 128, 139, 178
Natural Resources Intelligence Service, 124n36
New Highway to the East (brochure), 279
Newminko (boat), 97, 100n19
North American Free Trade Agreement (1994), 192
North Bay, ON, 311
North by West in the Sunlight (brochure), 208, 212
Norwood Golf Club, 258
Nova Scotia Railway, 32
Nymoca (boat), 86, 89
O
Ocean Falls, BC, 215
Ojibway ON, 180-181, 188-189
Ojibway Park, 189
O’Keefe, Georgia, 317
Ontario Good Roads Association, 302
Ontario Hydro, 135
Ontario Motor League, 303-304, 308
Ontario, Northern, 304, 310-314
outdoor recreation, 71-72, 136, 288-290, 309, 313-314
P
panoramic perception, 235, 279
parks, 135, 143, 159, 165-166. See also national parks, and names of specific parks
pastoral aesthetic, 266
path dependencies, 11
Pearce, William, 282
peasant life, as Quebec tourist attraction, 309, 315-316
peddlars, 99n5
Pelletier, Eugène, 313
Pennell, Margaret, 304
Percé Rock, QC, 309, 315
Perron Boulevard, 310, 311
Persia (ship), 34, 36
Peru, 43
picturesque aesthetic, 207, 210, 233
pilotage, 204, 216, 220, 243
Piper, Liza, 14, 115
Pittsburgh, PA, 85
Plains of Abraham, 262
planners, 132-134, 137, 312-313
pollution, 97, 140, 161, 186-188, 193, 198n36, 211, 252, 254, 260
Port Carling, ON, 86, 89, 95
Port Sandfield, ON, 86
Pottinger, David, 66
Potts, Edwin, 86
Potts, Fanny (Ann Hathaway, pseud.), 86, 89, 92, 100n17
Powell River, BC, 209
Power Authority of the State of New York (PASNY), 129
Prince Albert National Park, 113-117, 120
Prince Albert region, SK, 103-122
Prince Albert, SK, 103, 109, 116, 121
Prince Edward Island
ban on automobiles, 262
golf courses, 258-262
shipbuilding in, 46
Prince Rupert, BC, 211-212, 215
Prowse, Edward, 85
Putnam, William, 30
Q
Quebec Automobile Club, 304
R
Radium Hot Springs, BC, 288
Raibmon, Paige, 240
railways, 2, 11-18, 24, 40, 81, 177-178, 225n48, 235, 258-263, 279. See also names of specific railways
construction of, 60
and geology, 155
passenger cars, 236, 279-281
relocation of, 134
Rayner Construction, 160-161
Reciprocity Treaty (1854), 177
Red Deer Lake, SK, 113
resource workers, 206-209, 212-213, 224n20
Revillon Frères, 108
Reynolds, W. Kirby, 65
Rhyno, Roy, 49n15
Riley, Leena, 95
road building, 156, 163-165, 258-259, 302-311
roads. See automobiles: roads for, cart roads, colonization roads, corduroy roads, highways, ice roads, road building, road salt, roadside landscaping, and names of specific roads
Roads Department (Quebec), 302-304
road salt, 189
roadside landscaping, 304, 312, 317
rocket cars, 1
Rogers, Captain John, 94
Roper, Edward, 279
Rosedale (Toronto), 159-162
Ross, Adolphus, 103
Ross, Donald, 265
Rosseau, ON, 87
rowboats, 79, 86, 100n18
Roy, Alexander, 47, 54n74
Royal Montreal Golf Club, 258, 261
Royal Ontario Museum, 156-159
Royal Quebec Golf Club, 258, 261-262
Royal York Hotel, 269
Rumsey, William, 96
Rushton, Stuart, 212, 216
Ryan, Simon, 207
S
sailing ships, 28, 30
salmon canneries, 212-213, 218
Sandford, Mrs. W. E., 88, 94
Sandwich, ON, 177, 184- 189
Sandy Lake, SK, 117
“sanitary city,” 152, 168n2
Saskatchewan, northern, 6, 14, 103-122
Saskatoon, SK, 122n2
Savary Island, BC, 209
Scarcliffe boarding house, 95
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang, 203, 220, 235-236, 300
Schriever, W.R., 156
Scott, Harley E., 91
Scott, James C., 127
seasonality, 11-14, 56-58, 74, 83, 104, 116, 120-121, 144, 201
Seigniory Golf Club, 263, 269
sensuous experience of environment though mobility, 133, 136, 200-204, 237, 267, 285, 289-290, 300
Service (magazine), 304
Shapiro, Aaron, 111
Shaughnessy Heights Golf Club, 263
Shaughnessy, Thomas, 264
Shelburne, NS, 52n56, 52n57
shipping, 27-54, 135, 140-143, 164, 203-228
shipbuilding, 34-35, 51n40, 52n57. See also Price Edward Island: shipbuilding in
economic impact of, 37, 47
ships. See sailing ships, shipping, shipbuilding, steam launches, steamboats, steamships, and names of specific ships
Shubenacadie River, NS, 31-35, 45-46
skiing, cross-country, 12
Sladen, Douglas, 279
Smith, John W., 184
Smith, Lamond, 258, 271n15
Smith, W. M., 35
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930), 185
Snedeker, Florence, 237
snow, 11, 55-59, 76n6, 107
clearing, 62
fences, 60, 74
plows, 60, 74, 107
snowsheds, 60-61, 74
soil, 151, 153, 161
soils, quality of, 84, 89, 92
somatic power, 84
speed, 201
sporting culture, 234, 243, 251
Spruce River, SK, 117
spruce trees, 27-28, 34-37, 41, 46-47
Squamish, BC, 206, 217
St. Andrews, NB, 263, 269
St. Andrews, Scotland, 254
St. Lambert, QC, 251
St. Lawrence River, 13, 55-58, 127-129, 139-141, 144
St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project, 7, 14, 18, 140-145, 164
St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, 129
St. Lawrence (ship), 34
Stanley, Meg, 133
Stanley Mission, SK, 104-106
staples thesis, 81
Stave Island, ON, 237
steam launches, 94
steamboats, 6, 81-86
steamships, 42, 235, 238, 249n51
Stephen, Arnold, 95
streetcars, 153, 178, 258, 262
storms, 56, 62-63
Studeny, Christophe, 300
Sturgeon River Forest Reserve, 113-118, 125n39
sublime aesthetic, 209-210, 233, 264
suburbs, 187-188
subway, Toronto, 7, 18, 151-168. See also Toronto Transit Commission (TTC)
Bloor-Danforth subway line, 162, 166
construction of, 152-157, 160-166
spoil material, 160-166
Yonge subway line, 157, 163
Sugar Island, ON, 233
summer, 201
supply boats. See steamboats
sustainability, concept of, 82, 98
Sutter, Paul, 12
Sweny, G.A., 261
swimming, 70-71
T
Tatley, Richard, 85
The Pas, MB, 122n2
Thompson, Stanley, 255-256, 264-265, 269
writings on golf course design, 256
Thomson, Tom, 313
Thomson, William E., 264
Thornley, Betty, 289-290
Thornton, Henry, 264
tides, 35, 203
timber permits, 105
tonnage, of ships, 36-39, 44, 50n25, 52n56
Toronto Golf Club, 255-261
Toronto Harbour Commission, 163, 165
Toronto, ON, 92, 151-166, 255-261. See also subway, Toronto, and names of specific businesses, institutions, neighbourhoods, organizations, parks, roads
Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), 153-166. See also subway, Toronto
cooperation with geologists and soil scientists, 156-157
totem poles, 210, 215, 219
tourism, 8-9, 25, 64-75, 83-85, 103-106, 109-121, 200-204, 238, 252, 262-268, 276. See also automobiles: tourism via, peasant life, as Quebec tourist attaction
therapeutic, 217, 225n51, 285.
tourist brochures, 65-72, 206, 212-218, 234-235, 266-268, 277-293, 296n6, 303-318
tourist gaze, 272n36
tourist resorts, 71, 217, 252, 262-263, 282
tourists, American, 303, 316-317
trade,
Canada-U.S., 177, 181-185
global, 36-38, 47-48
international, 136, 140, 191
protectionism, 185
traffic congestion, 137, 153, 186, 190, 193
travel writers, 301, 316-317
Treaty 6, 105
Trefrey, T. S., 36
Trinity-Bellwoods Park (Toronto), 166
trucking, 184, 192
Trudeau, Pierre Elliot, 16
tunnels, 178, 190, 281
Tweedale, Aitken, 208-210
U
Union Steamship Company, 7, 204
day cruises, 216-218
decline of, 218-220
tourist resorts, 217
University of Saskatchewan, 103
University of Toronto, 154-156
urban borderlands, 177, 185-187, 252, 257-258, 262, 308
urban planning, 131-133, 188-189
urban renewal, 188
urban sprawl, 188, 252, 259-260
Urry, John, 65, 122n4, 272n36
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 129
US Steel, 181, 186
V
Van Horne, William, 282-284
Vancouver, BC, 204, 217-218, 263
Venture (ship), 208
Victoria, BC, 258, 262-263, 269
Victoria Golf Club, 258, 262-263
W
wagons, 103
wakes caused by boats, 96
walking, 134, 251, 265, 285-286, 289
Wanderer (ship), 33
Wapta Camp, 288
Waskesiu, SK, 105, 113, 116-117, 120-121, 123n11
Welland Canal, ON, 143
Wells, Christopher, 12
Western Union, 44
Weymouth, NS, 29, 51n41
wharves, 91, 97, 238, 241
Whidden family, 30, 32
White, Richard, 90
Whiting, John M., 95
“wilderness,” 57, 67-68, 72, 84, 208, 245n1, 285, 313
wildlife, 69-70, 293-294
William D. Lawrence (ship), 40-43
William G. Putnam (ship), 36
Wilson, Norman D., 153
Windsor, NS, 52n55
Windsor Area Transportation Study (1963), 189
Windsor, ON, 7, 18, 177, 186-191
Windsor Urban Transportation Study (1980), 198n38, 198n45
winter, 14, 55, 59-64, 76n6, 83, 104-109, 144, 202. See also carioles, cross-country skiing, ice, ice roads, snow
World War II, 128, 153, 186-187, 218
Y
Yoho National Park, 288
Yonge Street (Toronto), 153
Z
zebra mussels, 143
Zug Island, MI, 186