Canadian
Countercultures
and the
Environment
Canadian History and Environment Series
Alan MacEachern, Series Editor
ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online)
The Canadian History & Environment series of edited collections brings together scholars
from across the academy and beyond to explore the relationships between people and
nature in Canada’s past. Published simultaneously in print and open-access form, the
series then communicates that scholarship to the world.
Alan MacEachern, Founding Director
NiCHE: Network in Canadian History & Environment
Nouvelle initiative canadienne en histoire de l’environnement
No. 1 ∙ A Century of Parks Canada, 1911–2011
Edited by Claire Elizabeth Campbell
No. 2 ∙ Historical GIS Research in Canada
Edited by Jennifer Bonnell and Marcel Fortin
No. 3 ∙ Mining and Communities in Northern Canada:
History, Politics, and Memory
Edited by Arn Keeling and John Sandlos
No. 4 ∙ Canadian Countercultures and the Environment
Edited by Colin M. Coates
© 2016 Colin M. Coates
University of Calgary Press
2500 University Drive NW
Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4
www.uofcpress.com
This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Canadian countercultures and the environment / edited by Colin Coates.
(Canadian history and environment series, 1925-3702 ; no. 4)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-55238-814-3 (paperback).–ISBN 978-1-55238-816-7 (pdf).–
ISBN 978-1-55238-817-4 (epub).–ISBN 978-1-55238-818-1 (mobi).–
ISBN 978-1-55238-815-0 (open access pdf)
1. Environmentalism–Canada–History–20th century. 2. Counterculture–
Canada–History–20th century. 3. Canada–Environmental conditions–History–
20th century. I. Coates, Colin MacMillan, 1960-, editor II. Series: Canadian history
and environment series ; 4
GE199.C3C33 2015 333.72097109’047 C2015-907613-7
C2015-907614-5
The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund for our publishing activities. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program.
Cover photo: MAB group die-in, Montreal, 1976. Source: MAB Archives.
Editing by Alison Jacques
Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano
Ebook conversion by Human Powered Design