Index
Advisory Board on Wildlife Protection, 17
Alberta and Saskatchewan Fisheries Commission, 29, 36, 38, 45, 112, 118, 121, 170n5, 189n6, 194n79
Alberta Fish and Game Association (1928), 7, 42, 155, 165n21
Alberta Fish and Game Protective Association (1907), 29–30, 35–36, 91, 98, 100, 102, 118
angling, legal definition, 5–6, 21–22, 25. See also baitcasting; fly fishing; permits, angling
Athabasca River Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus), 134
automobiles and auto tourism, 11, 12, 31–32, 55–57, 59, 60–61, 64, 84–85, 101, 104–105, 139, 141–146, 149–153, 156, 160, 196n1, 197n10, 197n17
baitcasting, 12, 96, 141–142, 149, 150–151, 153, 155
Banff, 11–12, 24 (fig. 1.2), 27, 38, 42, 49, 52–53, 59, 67, 99, 105, 108, 114–115, 117–124, 125 (fig. 5.3), 126–132, 134, 137–138, 141, 142 (fig. 6.1), 143–145, 147–149, 150 (fig. 6.3), 158–159, 163n2, 171n20, 177n38, 179n56, 189n6, 190n19, 190n14, 190n16, 192n34, 192n35, 193n66, 194n75, 194n83, 197n24. See also hatcheries; Rocky Mountains Park
Bellachey, Alec A., 2, 68 (fig. 3.4), 78
Bellevue, 81, 87, 90, 95, 104–105, 106, 109–110, 182n120, 184n21, 187n109
Black Diamond, 84
Blairmore, 81, 87, 90–91, 95, 99, 101–102, 110, 184n21
Bow River: fishery, xii, 9, 12, 14, 23, 26 (fig. 1.3) 42, 47, 49–50, 66–67, 74, 99, 121, 126, 136, 138, 141, 153, 171n24, 186n77, 195n99; tributaries, 37 (map 2.1); in Calgary during WWI, 9, 30, 33–34, 41–42, 49, 52, 58; Calgary infrastructure and sewage, 47–49
Bragg Creek, 67, 81–83, 182n132
brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), 11, 21, 52–53, 99, 121, 122, 124, 126, 128, 131–134, 136, 138, 158, 190n13, 190n14, 194n81. See also Nipigon brook trout
brown trout, German (Salmo trutta), 11, 52–53, 129, 132–136, 138, 194n81, 194n83. See also Loch Leven
Buffalo Head ranch, 70, 128–129
Buffalo Lake, 122
bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), 9, 19, 39, 45–46, 49–50, 72–75, 77, 89–90, 100, 102–103, 110, 112–114, 129–130, 134–136, 157–158, 173n47, 173n49, 173n51, 174n69, 189n139, 190n10
Calgary Angling Association (1920), 49–53, 113
Calgary Fish and Game Protective Association (1906), 27, 46–47, 49, 57
Calgary weir, 47, 173n57, 173n58
Callum Creek, 93 (fig. 4.1), 94
camping, 33, 63, 64, 81, 97, 141, 145–148, 151–153, 184n21
Canadian National Railway, 136
Canadian Pacific Railway, 18, 27, 47, 72, 120 (fig. 5.1), 121–122, 147, 149; Crowsnest Pass, 92
Carmangay, 64
Castle (South Fork) River, 79, 90–92, 94–97, 103, 105
catch, creel, bag limit, 14, 21, 39, 99, 113–114, 171n25, 181n106, 183n19
Claresholm, 31, 64, 79–81, 94, 101, 132, 134, 182n125, 184n25, 194n80
Coleman, 81, 87, 90, 95, 102–105, 107, 109–111, 182n120, 187n95
Commission of Conservation, Canada, 15, 17, 106, 165n14, 180n73; US, 15, 192n31
conservation: progressive-era, 5, 12, 15,16–17, 86, 157, 166n16; early pioneer-era, 4, 11, 13, 18, 22, 45, 54, 60, 126, 157–159; Federal-Provincial Advisory Board on Wildlife Protection, 17; Federal government fisheries approaches to, 73–74; culling, 74, 78, 114, 157–158. See also hatcheries; season dates
Cowley, town of, 27, 93, 99–100, 103–104, 109, 185n57, 186n84
Crowsnest River, 10, 20, 23, 30, 31, 79, 80–81, 87, 89–94, 95–96, 98–100, 102–106, 107 (fig. 4.2), 132, 160, 194n77
Darker, Robert A., 27, 28 (fig. 1.4), 29, 30, 35–36, 38, 46, 50, 51, 53, 59, 66–67, 73, 91, 97, 99–100, 103, 144, 159, 169n71, 169n72, 169n74, 170n8, 185n53, 186n79
Davidson, George S. (Chief Inspector), 50, 51, 66, 72, 74, 113, 129–130, 174n68, 178n47, 179n57, 179n59, 180n77, 180n78, 180n82, 196n8, 196n9, 197n10
decline, depletion of fish and game: in Western Canada, 4, 11, 13–15, 17, 26–27, 92, 95; Bow River reports of, 35, 42; Highwood basin reports of, 54; Oldman basin reports of, 92–96, 97
derbies, fishing, 50, 110, 113–114
Desbarats, G. J. (Deputy Fisheries Minister), 49
Douglas, Howard (Parks Superintendent), 118, 119, 121, 144, 190n14
Drumm, Mark, 29–30, 91–92, 94–96, 99, 159
Eastwood, John F., 46, 47, 57,103
Edmonton, 20, 29, 36, 93, 130, 155, 169n71, 185n50, 190n17
Edward, Prince of Wales, 1, 68 (fig. 3.4), 69, 179n56
Elliott, W. D., 53–54, 65, 68–69, 126–127, 175n86
EP Ranch, 1, 68 (fig. 3.4), 69
exotics: campaigns for, 9, 10, 11, 52–53, 131–132, 133–134; E. E. Prince and the Federal Government’s concerns with, 121–122. See also brook trout; brown trout; Loch Leven
Finlayson, Alex (Federal Hatcheries Inspector), 119, 123, 171n25
First Nations: and fishing technique, 20; Treaty 7 and Kainai, Piikani, Siksika, 20–21, 22; Ĩãyħé Nakoda (Stoney), 19, 22–23, 137, 147, 167n41, 167n45, 168n48; residential schooling and angling, 23; Department of Indian Affairs and angling, 22–23
fisheries guardians, 1, 6, 22–24, 29, 35, 45, 61, 66 (fig. 3.3), 69–70, 77–78, 82, 83, 98, 99, 106, 113, 128, 177n38, 182n133, 187n101; honorary, 33, 41
fishing: early pioneer subsistence, 19, 25; guddling and tickling, 20; dynamiting, 4, 10, 21, 25, 46, 77, 89–90, 93, 97–99, 105, 106, 108, 109, 119, 172n28,173n53; poaching, 3, 10, 21, 33, 65, 83, 84, 96, 98–99, 105, 163n7
Fitch, Lorne, 157
flies and fly-tying, 18, 20, 42–44, 60, 79, 96–97, 100, 151, 156, 184n21
fly fishing, 3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 17–18, 20, 26, 40, 42–45, 48, 61, 68, 97, 151–153, 155–156, 166n17. See also flies and fly-tying
Fort Macleod, 18, 28–29, 31, 39, 55, 64, 73, 80–81, 94–96, 105, 110, 132, 144, 176n20, 177n35, 179n72, 180n78, 183n17, 193n68
Frank (town of), 30, 87, 91–92, 94–95, 96, 98, 99, 159, 184n21
Fullerton, Thomas William (Fish Guardian), 82–83, 182n132, 182n133
Gap, The (Livingstone Range), 94, 104, 167n33
Ghost Dam, 47; Ghost River, 67, 92, 138
Gillespie, J. J., 105, 106, 127, 128, 132, 188n125, 194n72
Godsal, Frederick W., 27, 100, 102, 103–104, 185n57, 185n60
Good Roads Associations, 27, 104, 143–144, 145, 196n8
Gorge Creek studies, 71–72, 135–136. See also Miller, Richard
Granum, 64
Harkin, James B. (Parks Commissioner), 137, 143, 145–146, 190n15, 195n96, 196n8
hatcheries, 8, 10–11, 17, 38, 68,108, 117, 118, 121, 125, 126, 131, 132, 135, 137, 138, 139, 155, 157, 195n90; Banff, 38, 49, 52–53, 67, 68–69, 78, 105, 108–110, 111, 114, 115, 117, 118–119, 123–124, 125 (fig. 5.3), 126–130, 134, 137, 150, 158–159, 163n2, 171n20, 177n38, 179n56, 189n6, 191n27, 192n34, 192n35, 193n66, 194n75, 194n83 ; Waterton, 131–133, 133 (fig. 5.4), 134, 144, 150, 194n77, 197n29; US hatcheries, 17, 132, 191n25, 192n35; hatchery donations to Banff, 124, 127–128, 131; fry survival rates, 135–136. See also Waterton Lakes National Park—hatchery
Hayden, Charlie, 42, 172n36, 178n46
High River, ix–x, 1–4, 7, 10, 15, 27, 30, 36, 39, 50, 51, 53–54, 55, 60, 61, 63–66, 68–70, 74–75, 76–78, 84–86, 89, 126, 128, 131, 138, 156–157, 159, 161, 163n7, 169n74, 177n39, 180n77, 192n39
High River Fish and Game Association (1926), 84, 183n142. See also the Highwood River Angling Protective Association
Highwood River, ix, xii, 2, 10, 19, 23, 28, 30, 32, 55, 57 (fig. 3.1), 59–61, 62 (fig. 3.2), 63, 65, 66 (fig. 3.3), 68–69, 71, 74–78, 84–86, 104, 128, 156–157, 171n25, 177n28, 177n38, 178n48, 194n86
Highwood River Angling Protective Association (1920), 1–2, 60, 69–70, 74, 83, 109, 114, 126, 156, 163n3
Hoad, J. S. (Calgary Fisheries Overseer), 49, 61
Jasper Forest Park, 5, 137. See also Jasper National Park
Jasper National Park, 43 (fig. 2.1), 136, 192n32, 195n96
Kananaskis Lakes and River, 72, 84, 124, 138
Kemish, Frank, 33–34, 40–41, 42, 46, 49, 156, 172n32, 172n33, 172n38, 173n47, 174n68, 174n70
Kerr, John, 107 (fig 4.2), 108–109, 110, 159, 183n6, 187n109
Lane, George, 1, 67, 69, 126–127, 128
Langley, G. C. (Calgary Fisheries Officer), 66, 178n43
Laurier, Wilfrid (Prime Minister), 15, 27, 119, 165n12 170n12
Legislation, Federal Territorial and Provincial Fisheries: from 1881, 21; from 1886, 22; from 1894, 21, 22, 183n19; from 1907, 14, 38, 92, 99, 171n21, 171n24, 183n19; from 1912, 38–40; from 1927, 114, 164n18. See also, National Parks Fisheries Legislation
Lethbridge, 10, 55, 65, 75–76, 80, 81, 87, 92, 96, 102, 104, 105, 127, 132–133, 134, 144, 182n123, 183n17, 187n97, 193n68, 194n81
Livingstone River, 20, 79, 90, 92–93, 94
Loch Leven (Salmo trutta levenensis), 11, 52–53, 114, 129–131, 132, 134, 136
McDougall, David (businessman and brother of John), 28
McDougall, John (missionary and brother of David), 28
McLennan, Jim, 43, 155, 159, 195n90
Miller, E. W. (Fisheries Inspector), 40, 60–61, 172n29
Miller, Richard, 8, 71, 135–136
Minnewanka, Lake, 60, 119, 120 (fig. 5.1), 143, 147, 148–150, 150 (fig. 6.3), 151, 192n35, 197n24, 197n28
National Parks Fisheries Legislation: from 1890, 175n77; from 1909, 175n77; 1919 amendment, 51, 125, 175n77; from 1925, 114, 190n10, 198n34
Newell Lake, 75
Nipigon brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), 11, 53, 121–122, 126, 128, 132, 134, 156, 190n13, 190n14, 190n16
Oldman River, 22, 23, 27, 32, 45, 54, 64, 71, 75, 76, 79, 81, 87, 88 (map 4.1), 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 106, 112, 115, 127, 132, 133, 160, 177n33, 184n25, 187n101, 188n125, 193n66
Palliser, John, 19
Patterson, Raymond M., 70, 128–129, 135
Pekisko Creek, 3 (fig. 0.1), 30–31, 67, 69, 71, 127, 131, 159, 163n7, 180n83; village of, 28, 61
permits, angling: 1894 Federal permits, 21, 167n37, 183n19; introduced to Alberta, 1907, 14, 38, 99; absence of permits in North-West Territories, 21; numbers issued in Alberta, 1916–1922, 32; numbers issued in Alberta,1920–1930, 176n1; in Crowsnest 1925, 111, 188n125; raised price, 50; demand to waive,129; refusing to purchase in Red Deer basin, 112–113; federal park, 179n58
pickerel (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), 39, 75, 112, 134, 137, 181n106, 183n19
pike (Esox lucius), 39, 75–76, 77, 78, 112, 114, 123, 181n106, 183n19
Pincher Creek, 10, 23, 32, 72, 81, 87, 96–97, 100, 105, 109, 110, 127, 128, 132, 133, 159, 173n53, 177n35, 183n17, 188n125, 193n68, 194n72
Pocaterra, George, 128
Prince, Edward Ernest (Fisheries Commissioner), 35, 36, 38, 49, 53, 74, 114, 158, 170n5, 170n10, 171n22, 179n56, 180n84, 185n59, 190n10, 190n17
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 11, 39, 52–54, 67, 106, 109, 110, 112–114, 122, 124–127, 131, 132–134, 136–138, 157, 171n22, 192n32, 193n66, 194n72
Red Deer and the Red Deer River, 11, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 39, 45, 53, 57, 67, 71, 72, 99, 101, 112–114, 129–130, 134–135, 136, 149, 171n24
Richardson, David A. (Calgary Fisheries Overseer), 2, 41, 48, 51, 77, 78, 82, 175n74, 175n75, 180n82, 181n102,
Rocky Mountains Park, 5, 12, 24 (fig. 1.2), 26, 31, 45, 118, 120–121, 141–146, 148–153. See also Banff
Rodd, James A. (J. A.) (Federal Superintendent of Fish Culture), 131, 179n60
Rodd, Robert Thompson (R. T.) (Banff Hatchery Supervisor and Alberta Fisheries Inspector), 2, 4, 64, 67, 76–78, 81–83, 105, 108–112, 114, 123–124, 126, 128, 132–134, 137, 158–159, 163n2, 177n38, 177n39, 182n120, 182n123, 182n124, 182n125, 182n133, 187n97, 191n28
Rogers, S. Maynard (Jasper Forest Park Superintendent), 137–138
Rosebud River, 4
Saunders, E. T., 96–98, 99, 100, 159
season dates, x, 7, 9, 39, 49–51, 53–54,74, 120, 156, 171n24, 171n70, 175n73, 175n77, 184n36, 190n10, 198n34; debates about, 2, 30, 35–36, 42, 49–51, 78, 97, 100, 102–103, 109, 113–114, 115, 121, 155, 172n38
Sheppard, Herbert N. (“Bert”), 63, 70, 73
Sisley, Euston, 36, 38, 39, 44, 121–122, 134, 170n11, 190n17, 194n79
smallmouth black bass (Micropterus dolomieu), 121–122
Smith, S. H. (Sam) (Fisheries Guardian), 61, 66 (fig. 3.3), 69–70, 77, 128–129, 167n34, 177n38, 179n60, 181n102
Spray Lakes, 119, 123 (fig. 5.2), 124, 130, 171n25, 190n7, 191n28
Stanley, George, 61, 65, 177n39
Stephenson, A. T., 28, 112–113, 129–130
Southern Alberta Angling Association (1919), 29, 46, 49, 50, 51, 53–54, 66–67, 72–73, 174n68, 178n46, 192n39
suckers (Catostomidae), 75, 76, 114, 123, 179n56
Sunday closure, 82, 99, 100–102, 186n64, 186n66
tributary, stream closure, 8, 10, 50, 65–67, 70–74, 78–86, 103, 105–106, 108, 115, 129, 159, 174n68, 177n39, 178n47, 182n122. See also Sunday closure
United Farmers of Alberta, 41, 93; United Farm Women, 41
Watt, Frank, 53–54, 60, 63, 70, 73, 74, 175n86, 179n58, 179n64, 180n78
Whiskey Creek, 41
William, 6th Earl Fitzwilliam and Viscount Milton, 20
Willow Creek, 23, 64, 65, 67, 72, 79, 80, 81, 178n42, 180n78, 182n124
Wilmot, Samuel (Dominion Fish Culturist), 118, 125
Winter, Austin de B., 57–59, 103, 176n3, 176n8, 176n9
Wolley Dod, Arthur G., 39, 100, 102
Waterton Lakes National Park, 5, 10, 16 (fig. 1.1), 127–128, 131–132, 197n29; hatchery, 133 (fig. 5.4), 150, 194n7