Index

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A

Aboriginal peoples (Canada): genocide against, 7–8, 85, chapters 3 and 6; Canadian on-reserve housing crisis, 153; Christianization, 100. See also First Nations; Indigenous peoples

Abu Ghraib Prison scandal, 259, 261–264, 270–1n.11. See also Lynndie England

Ackam, Taner, 118

All Ceylon Buddhist Congress, 28

Al Saffarh, Nehrjas (in “Instruments of Yearning”), 266–67. See also Thompson, Judith

Ambos, Kai, 8, 94

Amele taburlari, 178

American Civil Rights Movement, 128–30, 135, 139n.1, 141n.18,

Amnesty International, 6

Anderson, Benedict, 22, 62

Anderson, Patrick, 11, 260

Arendt, Hannah, 12, 55, 62, 223–24, 246n.4, 253–56, 260, 263, 269. See also “banality of evil”

Armenian genocide, 8, 9–10, 16n.31, 83–84, 138, 174, chapter 4. See also Ottoman genocides.

Assembly of Turkish–American Associations (ATAA), xiii, 114, 116, 118

assimilation: policies of, in Canada, 97, 98–99; in Armenian genocide, 177, 179

Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 170. See also Kemalists

atrocity and genocide, 1, 4–7, 8, 10, 20–23

Attawapiskat, 145–148, 151–60, 163n.19

Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, 42–43n.9, 87

B

Baer, Elizabeth, 206–7, 211

Balakian, Peter, 88

Balkans, 58, 172

“banality of evil”, 223–24, 253–54, 255, 262, 268; responses to/criticisms of 224, 254–56. See also Arendt, Hannah

Bandaranaike, S.W.R.D., 28–29, 32

Barta, Tony, 6, 23, 39–40

Bauman, Zygmunt, 6

Baum, Steven K, 204

Bearhead, Charlene, 84–85

Bedrosyan, Raffi, 119

Berg, Michael (The Reader), chapter 9

Bergen, Doris, 206

Bilal, Wafaa, 257, 268–269, 270

Biziouras, Nikolaos, 32

Bizimungu, Pasteur, 182

Black July pogrom (Sri Lanka), 30–33

Blatchford, Christie, 157–58

Borneman, John, 67–68

Bosnia, chapter 2; Army of Bosnia i Herzegovina (ARBiH), xiii, 53, 66, 80n.89; Bosnia i Herzegovina, Republic of, 52; Bosnian Croats, 49, 74n.18; Bosnian Muslims (Bošniak), xiii, 49, 52–53, 66, 68, 73n.8, 74n.18; Bosnian Serbs, 49, 51, 53, 58, 64, 68, 69, 74n.18, 204–205; Bosnian Serb Army (VRS), xiv, 52–53, 64; Bosnian War, 49, 51, 52–53, 58–60, 71–72; Bosnian War Crimes Chamber, 52, 80n.89; Dutch United Nations Peacekeeping Battalion (DutchBat), xii, 51, 52–53, 64, 66, 73n.16; Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, xiii, 59, 74n.18; genocide in, 52–53, 58–60, 73n.16, 77n.59, 138, 204–5, 259; Missing Persons Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MPI), 77n.58; Republika Srpksa (RS), xiv, 53, 74n.18. See also Srebrenica; Srebrenica Memorial

Brazeau, Patrick, 158–59

Browning, Christopher, 204, 224, 250–51n.32

Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, 5–6

Burghers (Sri Lanka), 26

C

Cambodian genocide, 54, 107, 203

Canada and World Studies curriculum (Ontario), 118

Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR), xiii, 84, 85

Ceylon, 28, 29, 33; Workers’ Congress, 29

Charny, Israel, 3, 9, 15n.28, 16n.31, 115, 150

Christians: in the American Civil Rights Movement, 143n.36; in the Ottoman Empire/Turkey, 9–10, 169, 170–81, 174–80, 191; in Sri Lanka, 26; victims of ISIS/ISIL, 14n.19

Clinton, Bill, 58–59

Civil Rights Congress (CRC - U.S.A.), xiii, 125, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139n.1, 141n.24

Civil Rights Act (U.S.A.), 135, 138

Colombo (Sri Lanka), 35, 38; riots in, 31, 32–33. See also “Black July pogrom”

Coloroso, Barbara, 110

commemoration (memorialization), 6–7, 50, 55–58; of the Armenian Genocide, 109–110, 115, 118, 120; of the Holocaust, 4–5; in Sri Lanka, 38–39; in Srebrenica, chapter 2. See also Srebrenica Memorial

Committee of Union and Progress (Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, Turkey), 111, 119, 173

Communist Party: in Iraq, 266; In the United States, 127–28, 128–29, 131, 134, 139 (FN 1), 141n.17, 142n.32

concentration camps, 210, 215, 227, 230, 235, 243–44

Conservative Party of Canada, 157–58

Council of Turkish Canadians (CTC), xiii, 109–12, 114, 116, 118

Cree communities in Canada, 146, 149, 163n.19,

Croats, Bosnian, see Bosnia

Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act (Canada), 102n.7

cultural genocide, 19, 39; in Canada, 7–8, 15n.28, 102, 102n.5; Raphael Lemkin on, 87–90, 91, 103n.18; in Sri Lanka, 39–41; in the UN Genocide Convention, 8; in the United States, 132–33;

D

Darfur, 2, 3, 107, 138

Dayton Peace Agreement, see General Framework Agreement on Peace

“deferentiation” (Christopher Powell), 22

Dink, Hrant, 115

“district quotas” in education (Sri Lanka), 29

Djemal, Ahmed, 173. See also Enver; Talaat; Three Pashas

Documentation Center Srebrenica, 66, 80n.88

Drina Valley, 52–53

Duranti, Marco, 88

Duthie, Roger, 7

E

Eichmann, Adolf, 223–24, 246n.4 and 5, 253–54, 260, 272n.45. See also “banality of evil”; Arendt, Hannah

Elias, Norbert, 22, 24

England, Lynndie, 261–64, 266, 267

Enver, Ismail, 119, 173. See also Djemal; Talaat; Three Pashas

Eskicioglu, Lale, 110

ethnocentricity, 71. See also cultural genocide; settler colonialism

ethnosphere, 21–23

Europa, Europa, 10

extermination camps, 235

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 54

F

Fallace, Thomas, 108

Federal Party (in Ceylon), 29–30

Federation of Turkish Canadian Associations (FTCA), xiii, 116,

Fein, Helen, 6, 25, 176

Felman, Shoshana, 11, 260–61

First Nations, 9, 142n.29, 145–47, 151–54, 155–56, 161, 163n.9. See also Aboriginal Peoples; Indigenous Peoples

First World War, 118, 172, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180

Fort Albany, 145, 151, 161

Foucault, Michel, 96, 259

Foundation for Human Rights, 37

Friedlander, Saul, 104n.30

G

Gacaca courts (Rwanda), 183, 185–88

gender, 9, 147–8, 156–60, 160–61, 261–64. See also misogyny; patriarchy; sexual violence

General Framework Agreement on Peace (Dayton Peace Agreement), 49, 53, 74n.18

genocide: of African American peoples, chapter 5; Armenian, see Armenian genocide; Bosnian, see Bosnia; bystanders to, 20–21, 61, 112, 117, 185, 204; Cambodian, see Cambodian genocide; comparative studies of, 4, 9, 107, 136, 169–70, 175–76, 180–81, 190–91; complicity in, 4, 100, 108, 132, 215; cultural, see cultural genocide; definitions and definitional debates, 4–6, 8, 9–10, 20–23, 23–26, 85–90, 92–93, 102n.7, 104n.29, 131, 135–36, 149–51, 202; Holocaust, see Holocaust; intent, 6, 7–8, 23, 54, 85, 86–88, 92–96, 96–101 104n.29 and 30, 131–33; of Indigenous peoples, see settler colonialism as genocide; prevention of, 1–3, 53, 85, 113, 120–21, 133–34, 138, 205–6, 216, 218–19; Rwandan, see Rwandan genocide; in Sri Lanka, see Sri Lanka. See also atrocity and genocide

Genocide Awareness Month, 116

genocide denial, 8–10, 16n.31, 60–63, 107–8, 110, 118–20; of Armenian genocide, 8, 9–10, 16n.31. chapter 4; of Bosnian genocide, 60–61, 63, 69, 70–72; of genocide against African American peoples, 134–38; of the Holocaust, 108, 139n 4, 235, 247n.12; of some victim groups’ claims to genocide, 8–10, 120–21, 135–36, 181–90, 190–91; of settler colonialism as genocide, 9, 100–102, 146–47, 149–51

Genocide Studies and Prevention (GSP), 2–3

Genocide Studies International (GSI), 3

“genocidal society”, 23, 39–40, 120

“genocidal priming”, 40

German Federal Republic, 231

Gil Gil, Alicia, 95

Gladstone, William, 5–6, 14n.17

Gleitzman, Morris, 206, 208, 209–10, 211–12

Goldhagen, Daniel, 94

Great Fire of Smyrna, 179

Greco-Turkish War, 179–80

Greenwalt, Alexandar, 95

Gunn Allen, Paula, 9, 146

Gunter, Lorne, 147, 155–56, 163n.9

H

Habyarimana, Juvénal, 181

Hayner, Priscilla, 7, 73

Heimat, 10

Herero (Namibia), 91, 133, 138

Hilberg, Raul, 92

Himmler, Heinrich, 93

Hinton, Alexander, 3, 6–7, 40, 66, 180

Hindu peoples, 26, 33, 29

Historikerstreit (“historians’ quarrel”), 10

Hitler, Adolf, 93, 94, 98, 119, 157, 203, 207, 213, 250–51n.32

Holocaust (Shoah), 3, 9–13, 16n.31, 17n.39, 20, 87–88, 92, 101, 104n. 30, 136, 137, 139n.4, 199, 206–13, 218, 251n.35, 260, chapter 9; denial of, see genocide denial; Holocaust education, 107–9, 112–15, 120–21, 126, 180; exceptionalism/uniqueness of, 1–5, 92–93, 150–51.

Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 1–2

Honeyman, Susan, 202–206

Hovanissian, Richard, 114–15

Hoffman, Tessa, 9–10

Horne, Gerald, 134

Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda, 137–38

Hudson, Graham, 97, 102

Hussein, Saddam, 264, 266–67

Hutu, 10, 120–21, 169, 181–190, 191; Hutu Power Movement, 184–85

I

identity-difference, 21–22, 23–26, 27, 28–31

Idle No More, 160

“imagined communities” (Benedict Anderson), 22, 62, 66

“imaginary screen” (Slavoj Žižek), 254–56, 269

India, 26, 30–32

Indian Land Treaties in Canada, 151, 161

Indian Residential Schools (IRS), xiii, 7–8, 83–84, 86, 97, 99–101, 102n.5, 150–51, 163n.21,

Indigenous peoples, 1, 7–10, 15.n28, 26, 40, 42–3n.9, 57, 142n.29, 184, chapters 3 and 6. See also Aboriginal peoples; First Nations; Native American Indian; settler colonialism as genocide

“intent to destroy”, see genocide; intent.

interdisciplinarity, 1–2, 83–84

International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP), xiii, 59, 77n.58

International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, 54, 73n.14

inyenzi (Hutu extremist slur for Tutsi), 182, 184

International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS), xiii, 2–3, 83–84, 87, 102n.3, 113

International Court of Justice, xiii, 51, 133–34

International Criminal Tribunals, xiii, 53, 54, 58–59; for the former Yugoslavia Bosnia, 49–51, 73n.15, 80n.88 and 89; for Rwanda, 54, 183; for

International Crisis Group, 35

International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (IIGHRS), 2

International Network of Genocide Scholars (INOGS), xiii, 3

Iran, 3, 121

Iraq War, 260–67, 268–69, 270, 270n.11

Islamic State (also ISIS, ISIL, Daesh), xiii, 6, 14n.19, 259

Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, see Committee of Union and Progress

Iyamuremye, Augustine, 188

J

Jäckel, Eberhard, 104n.30

Jim Crow, 134, 137

Jones, Adam, 40

Journal of Genocide Research (JGR), 2–3

justice, 54–58, 58–60, 70–71, 120–21, 156, 169, 186–87, 250–51n.32; restorative, 55; retrospective, 55; transitional, 6–7, 49–51, 54–57, 63, 66–67, 70–71, 182–83

K

Kafka, Franz, 67–68, 251n.35

Kagame, Paul, 181–82, 185–90, 190–91

Karadžić, Radovan, 52, 58

Kashechewan, 145, 161

Katz, Stephen, 92

Kelly, David, 264–67

Kemalists, 170, 174–80

Kiernan, Ben, 3, 6

Kosovo, 73, 204–5, 259

Krstić, Radislav, 53, 58, 73n.15,

L

Langer, Lawrence, 11–12, 208–9,

LaRocque, Emma, 9, 148

Lemkin, Raphael, 7–9, 15–16n.29, 31, and 33, 21–23, 42–43n.9, 85, 87–90, 90–92, 92–93, 101–2, 103n.18, 104n.29, 125–28, 132–33, 139n.4, 140n.5–7 and 10, 142n.29

Lemkin on Genocide, 132–33, 139n.4

Levant, Ezra, 158–60

Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC - Sri Lanka), xiii, 6–7

Levene, Mark, 6

Levi, Primo, 12

Lewy, Guenter, 110–11

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE or Tamil Tigers), xiii, 26, 30, 31, 33–34, 37–38

Lower, Wendy, 250–51n.32

M

MacDonald, David, 97, 102

Mahlendorf, Ursula R., 225, 247n.10 and 12

Mahavamsa, 28

Martin, Charles H., 139n.1

McCarthy, Justin, 110–11

McDonnell, Michael A., 90–92

McParland, Kelly, 156, 164n.23

Meierhenrich, Jens, 2–3

Mein Kampf, 93, 98

Menon, Jisha, 11–12, 260

misogyny, 158–160. See also genocide; patriarchy; sexual violence; women

Missing Persons Institute of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MPI), 77n.58,

Mladić, Ratko, 52–53, 58, 69, 71, 81–82n.110

Moghalu, Kingsley Chiedu, 54–55

Morgenthau, Henry (American Ambassador), 179

Moses, Dirk, 3–4, 90–92

Moyn, Samuel, 88

Mothers of Srebrenica, 52, 59, 68–69, 73n.6, 77n.56 and 62, 81n.102

Mount Royal University, xi, 1, 150

Muslim peoples, 14n.19, 26, 29, 32–33, 49, 64, 171–74, 175, 178

N

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), xiv, 128–29, 139n.1

National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party), 157, 224–27, 240–42, 251n.34

nationalism, 22, 259–60, 262; Bulgarian, 5; Sinhalese, 6, 27–29, 38, 40–41; Turkish, 115, 174, 179

Native American Indian peoples, 113, 128–29, 138, 205

Nettelfield, Lara, 69

Niven, Bill, 246–7n.9, 247n.10 and 12

Northern Provincial Council (NPC - Sri Lanka), 34–35

Nyamwasa, Faustin Kayumba, 188

O

Occupy Wall Street movement, 160

Orić, Naser, 80n.89

Orientalism (Orientalist), 28–29, 262

Otherness (the Other), 22, 25, 107–8, 114–15, 148, 160, 203–4, 213, 258, 259, 264, 268

Ottoman Empire, 5, 112, 117, 119, chapter 7

Ottoman genocides: Armenian victims, 9–10, 116, 138, 174; Assyrian victims, 9–10, 116, 169–71, 174–76, 177–80, 191; Greek victims, 9–10, 116, 169, 170–71, 174–81, 190–91; Kurdish victims, 175. See also Armenian genocide

Outcome Governing System (OGS), 97–99

P

patriarchy: and settler colonialism in Canada, 9, 145–47, 156–61

Patterson, William L. 8–9, chapter 5

perpetrators, 24–26, 44n.28, 57, 61–63, 119–20, 175–76, 184–85, 185–88, 207, 231–34, 247n.12, 250n.31, 253–57

Podrinje, 52, 59, 68

Pontic Greeks (victims in Ottoman genocide), see Ottoman genocides

proto–genocide, 6–7, 19–20, 26–47

R

Razack, Sherene 9, 148, 159

The Reader 10–11, chapter 9

Reed, Hayter, 100

“relations of genocide”, 23, 39

representation of atrocity and/or genocide, 4, 10–12, chapters 2, 6, 8, and 9

Robeson, Paul 127, 129, 134, 141n.17

Robins, Nicholas A. 13n.8, 40

Robinson, Randall 136–8

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (RCAP), 153

Rubenstein, Richard, 6

Rudasingwa, Theogene, 188

Rusesabagina, Paul, 188

Russia, 113, 127, 129, 171, 173, 177, 179, 215, 233; Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.), 87, 127, 129, 134, 258

Rwandan genocide, 3, 10, 107, 120–21, 125, 138, 169–70, 180, 181–98, 199, 216, 258–59. See also Hutu; Tutsi; Twa

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), xiv, 181–82, 184, 187, 189

S

Sansom, Ian, 239–40, 243, 246n.8, 249n.25 and 28

Sarajevo, 52, 73n.6, 81–2n.110

Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education, 120

Schindler’s List, 10, 119, 216

Schlink, Bernhard, chapter 9

Schmitz, Hanna (The Reader), 225, 227–30, 230–39, 239–242, 243–46, 246–47n.9, 248n.20 and 21, 249n.26, 27 and 29, 249–50n.30, 251n.35

Schoenfeld, Gabriel, 3–4

Scott, Duncan Campbell, 96, 98–99,

Second World War, 87, 127, 133, 137, 210–11

September 11 attacks, 219, 259

settler colonialism: as genocide 7–8, 9, 84–85, 91, 93, 96–100, 100–102, 104n.29, 145–49, 149–51, 154–56, 156–62, 163n.10, 205

sexism, 9, 145–46, 156–60. See also gender; patriarchy; misogyny; sexual violence

sexual violence, 31, 37, 97, 129, 141n.15, 158–60, 160–62, 163–64n.21, 178, 179, 181–82, 261–65

Shaw, Martin, 24, 92

Short, Geoffery, 8, 108

Simpson, Audra, 147, 162n.3

Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake, 148–49, 160

Sinhala, 6, 26–33, 40–41; “Sinhalization” 38–39

Sivathamby, Karthigesu, 33

Smith, Andrea, 9

Snyder, Timothy, 2

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, 52

Sontag, Susan, 12, 265

Spence, Theresa, 145–49, 153–62, 162n.3

Spomen Soba, 60, 64, 80n.86

Srebrenica, see Bosnia

Srebrenica-Potočari Memorial Center and Cemetery to the Victims of the 1995 Genocide, 7, chapter 2

Sri Lanka, 6–7; atrocities in, 19–20, 26–41; Sri Lanka Freedom Party, xiv, 28

St. Anne’s Residential School, 151, 163n.21

sterilization campaigns, 98

Stangneth, Bettina, 224, 246n.5

Stanton, Gregory, 3, 6, 39–40, 115, 118, 120

Stone, Dan, 3–4

Stover, Eric, 56

Straus, Scott, 184

subaltern genocides, 40

Sudan, 2–3, 33, 125, 203, 219

Syria, 3, 178, 203, 218

T

Talaat, Mehmad, 173–74. See also Enver; Djemal; Three Pashas

Tamil, 6, 19–20, 26–41; Tamil Eelam 26; Tamil Congress, 29; Tamil United Front, xiv, 29; Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF), xiv, 30

Tanzimat, 172–73

terrorism, 27, 34, 37–38, 111, 157, 160, 259, 262, 263

Thomas, Laurence Mordecai, 136

Thompson, Judith, 256–57, 261–67, 270

“Three Pashas”, 173–74; See also Djemal; Enver; Talaat

Toronto District School Board (TDSB), 8, 109–13, 116–17, 120–21

Totten, Samuel, 8, 108, 140n.7

transitional justice, 6–7, 50–51, 54–57, 63, 66–68, 70–71, 183

trauma, 11–12, 20–1, 37–8, 50, 56, 64, 66–67, 69–71, 120, 150, 200, 203, 207, 247n.12, 260–61, 269

Triffterer, Otto, 95

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC), xiv, 7–8, 83–84; National Centre for 84

Turkey, 3, 109, 112–15, 118, 119–21, 170. See also Ottoman Empire

Tutsi, 120–21, 169, 181–91

Twa, 10, 169, 181–91

U

Understanding Atrocities (conference), 1, 150, 207,

United Nations (UN), 9, 26–27, 51, 128, 130–34, 135–36, 138, 141n.18 and 24, 142n.32, 153, 154; Children’s Fund 203; Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention) 8, 53, 85–88, 91–96, 101–2, 111, 125–27, 131–34, 138, 140n.5 and 7; Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) xiii, 101; General Assembly Resolution 260 85; Human Rights Council 34; Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (MICT) 58; Security Council 52, 133; Universal Declaration of Human Rights 135–36, 140n.7, 142n.35

University of Manitoba, 83–84

University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 199

USHMM (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum), xiv, 2, 12

Uwilingiyimana, Agathe, 184

V

Veddas, 26

Vergangenheitsbewaltigung, 10–11, 17n.38, 225, 251n.34

W

Wagner, Sarah, 58–59, 69, 77n.58

Waller, James, 207

“war on terror”, (U.S.) 259–60, 262

We Charge Genocide, 8–9, 42–43n.9, chapter 5. See also Patterson, William L.

Welikade Prison massacre, 31–32

Whitaker Report, 91–92

Whitehorn, Alan 115

white supremacy, 146, 156, 161–62

Williams, Lydia, 206, 209

Woolford, Andrew, 8, 87, 96–100, 104n.39,

World Conference against Racism and Anti–Semitism, 129

X

Xenophobia, 202, 204

Y

Young Turks, xiv, 170–74, 174–81

Yugoslavia, 3, 50, 52, 125. See also Bosnia; Yugoslav People’s Party (JNA) xiii

Z

Zimbabwe, 3

Žižek, Slavoj, 246n.4, 254–57, 269