Bibliography

Archival Sources

Cochabamba, Bolivia

Archivo Histórico de la Prefectura de Cochabamba

Archivo de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Cochabamba

Archivo del Juzgado de Instrucción de Cliza

Archivo del Juzgado de Partido de Cliza

Archivo del Juzgado de Instrucción de Tarata

Archivo del Juzgado de Partido de Tarata

Archivo del Juzgado de Instrucción de Punata

Archivo del Juzgado de Partido de Punata

Government Reports & Documents

Gaceta Campesina. La Paz

Censo general de la población de la República de Bolivia. Según el empadronamiento de 1ro. de septiembre de 1900. Tomo II. Resultados definitivos. La Paz: Taller Tipo-Litográfico de José M. Gamarra, 1904.

Newspapers & Periodicals

Crítica. Cochabamba

El Mundo. Cochabamba

El País. Cochabamba

El Pueblo. Cochabamba

Los Tiempos. Cochabamba

Prensa Libre. Cochabamba

Interviews

Faustino Arias (Cliza’s beer seller or chichero), 6 November 1993.

Rita Cabrera (Cliza’s former nurse), 12 November 1993.

Bonifacio Cano (Ucureña’s former peasant leader), 19 March 1994.

Carlos Crespo (former Tapacarí’s agrarian judge), 18 September 1997.

Germán Delgadillo (Ucureña’s former peasant leader), 12 March 1994.

Damián and Máximo Encinas (Huasacalle’s former peasant leaders, Cliza), 10 February 1996.

Ramón Guardia (La Villa’s peasant leader, Punata), 20 May 1995.

Carlos Montaño (Cliza’s retired army sergeant), 12 November 1993.

Víctor Milán (Tambillo Central’s former peasant leader, Punata), 6 May 1995

Sixto Soto (Huallpero’s peasant leader, Cliza), 21 August 1995.

Angelina Ovando (Cliza’s former school teacher), 15 February 1994.

María Quiroga (Capilla’s peasant, Ucureña), 27 January 1993.

Petrona Ricaldez (Tambillo Central’s peasant, Punata), 26 January 1996.

Sinforoso Rivas (former FSTCC leader, Cochabamba), 17 October 1996.

Liborio Terceros (Villa Concepción’s former peasant leader, Cliza), 20 January 1996.

Leoncio Torrico (Román Calle’s peasant leader, Punata), 6 May 1995.

Mario Torrico (Takoloma’s former peasant leader, Ucureña), 11 March 1994.

Andrés Villafan (Toco’s former peasant leader, Cliza), 2 April 1994.

Víctor Zannier (former MAC coordinator, Cochabamba), 22 March 1996.

Other Sources

Albó, Xavier. Achacachi, medio siglo de lucha campesina. La Paz: CIPCA, 1979.

———. “From MNRistas to Kataristas to Katari.” In Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, edited by Steve J. Stern, 379–419. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

Alexander, Robert J., The Bolivian National Revolution. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1958.

Alonso, Ana María. Thread of Blood: Colonialism, Revolution, and Gender on Mexico’s Northern Frontier. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1995.

Álvarez Mamani, Antonio, and Claudia Ranaboldo. El camino perdido: Chinkasqa ñan, thakhi chhagayata: biografía del dirigente campesino kallawaya Antonio Álvarez Mamani. La Paz: SEMTA, 1987.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.

Antezana, Luis. La revolución campesina en Bolivia: historia del sindicalismo campesino. La Paz: Empresa Editora Siglo, 1982.

Antezana Ergueta, Luis, and Hugo Romero Bedregal. Historia de los sindicatos campesinos: un proceso de integración nacional en Bolivia. La Paz: Consejo Nacional de Reforma Agraria, 1973.

Ari, Waskar. Earth Politics: Religion, Decolonization, and Bolivia’s Indigenous Intellectuals. Durham: Duke University Press, 2014.

Barnadas, Josép M. Charcas: orígenes históricos de una sociedad colonial, 1535–1565. La Paz: CIPCA, 1973.

Barre, Marie-Chantal. Ideologías indigenistas y movimientos indios. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1983.

Benjamin, Thomas. Revolución: Mexico’s Great Revolution as Memory, Myth, and History. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000.

Bhabha, Homi. Nation and Narration. London: Routledge, 1990.

Binford, Leigh, Lesley Gill, and Steve Striffler, eds. Fifty Years of Peasant Wars in Latin America. New York: Berghahn Books, 2020.

Bouysse-Cassagne, Thérèse, and Thierry Saignes. “El cholo: actor olvidado de la historia.” Unitas, no. 5 (1992): 21–29.

Boyer, Christopher R. Becoming Campesinos: Politics, Identity, and Agrarian Struggle in Post-revolutionary Michoacán. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.

Burns, E. Bradford. The Poverty of Progress: Latin America in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.

Calderón, Fernando and Jorge Dandler, eds. Bolivia, la fuerza histórica del campesinado. La Paz: UNRISD/CERES, 1984.

Chomsky, Aviva, and Aldo Lauria-Santiago, eds. Identity and Struggle at the Margins of the Nation-State: The Laboring Peoples of Central America and the Hispanic Caribbean. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

Choque, Roberto. “Las rebeliones indígenas de la post-Guerra del Chaco. Reivindicaciones indígenas durante la pre-revolución.” Data, no. 3 (1992): 37–53.

Claure, Toribio. Una escuela rural en Vacas. La Paz: Empresa Editora Universo, 1949.

Cook, Noble David, ed. Tasa de la visita general de Francisco de Toledo. Lima: Universidad Nacional de San Marcos, 1975.

Dandler, Jorge. “Campesinado y reforma agraria en Cochabamba (1952–1953): dinámica de un movimiento campesino en Bolivia.” In Bolivia, la fuerza histórica del campesinado, edited by Fernando Calderón and Jorge Dandler, 205–243. La Paz: UNRISD/CERES, 1984.

———. “La ‘Champa Guerra’ de Cochabamba: un proceso de disgregación política.” In Bolivia, la fuerza histórica del campesinado, edited by Fernando Calderón and Jorge Dandler, 245–275. La Paz: UNRISD/CERES, 1984.

———. El sindicalismo campesino en Bolivia: Los cambios estructurales en Ucureña. Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. Serie: Antropología Social, 11. Mexico, 1969.

Dandler, Jorge, and Juan Torrico. “From the National Indigenous Congress to the Ayopaya Rebellion: Bolivia, 1945–1947.” In Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, edited by Steve J. Stern, 334–378. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

Del Río, Mercedes. “Simbolismo y poder en Tapacarí.” Revista Andina 8, no. 1 (July 1990): 77–113.

Demelas, Marie-Danièle. “Darwinismo a Ia criolla: El darwinismo social en Bolivia, 1880–1910.” Historia Boliviana 1, no. 2 (1981) : 55–83.

———. Nationalisme sans nation ? La Bolivie aux XIX–XXe siècles. Paris: Editions du CNRS, 1980.

Dibbits, Ineke, et.al. Polleras libertarias: Federación Obrera Femenina (1927–1964). La Paz: Tahipamu-Hisbol, 1989.

Dunkerley, James. “The Bolivian Revolution at 60: Politics and Historiography.” Journal of Latin American Studies, no. 45, (2013): 325–350.

———. “Evo Morales, Alvaro García Linera and the Third Bolivian Revolution.” In Bolivia: Revolution and the Power of History in the Present, edited by James Dunkerley, 1–56. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2007.

———. Bolivia: Revolution and the Power of History in the Present. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2007.

———. Rebellion in the Veins: Political Struggle in Bolivia, 1952–82. London: Verso, 1984.

Ehrinpreis, Andrew B. “Coca Nation: Labor, Indigeneity, and the Politics of the Coca Leaf in Bolivia, 1900–1962.” PhD dissertation, Stony Brook University, 2018.

Encinas, Enrique, Fernando Mayorga, and Enrique Birhuett. Jinapuni: testimonio de un dirigente campesino. La Paz: Hisbol, 1989.

Fabricant, Nicole, and Nancy Postero. “Sacrificing Indigenous Bodies and Lands: The Political-Economic History of Lowland Bolivia in Light of the Recent TIPNIS Debate.” Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 20 (3), (2015): 452–474.

Favre, Henri. El indigenismo. Mexico: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998.

Field, Thomas C. From Development to Dictatorship: Bolivia and the Alliance for Progress in the Kennedy Era. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2017.

Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock, 1970.

Friedrich, Paul. The Princes of Naranja: An Essay in Anthrohistorical Method. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986.

Gildner, Robert M. “Indomestizo Modernism: National Development and Indigenous Integration in Post-revolutionary Bolivia, 1952–1964.” PhD dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, 2012.

Gledhill, John. Casi Nada: A Study of Agrarian Reform in the Homeland of Cardenismo. Albany: Institute for Mesoamerican Studies, University at Albany-SUNY, 1991.

Gordillo, José M. “Educación y cambio social en el Valle Alto de Cochabamba (1930–60).” In Escuelas y procesos de cambio. Compiled by Alejandra Ramírez, 21–32. Cochabamba: CESU, 2006.

———. Campesinos revolucionarios en Bolivia: identidad, territorio y sexualidad en el Valle Alto de Cochabamba, 1952–1964. La Paz: Promec/Universidad de la Cordillera/Plural Editores/CEP UMSS, 2000.

———. Arando en la historia: La experiencia política campesina en Cochabamba. La Paz: Plural Editores/CERES/UMSS, 1998.

———. “El proceso de extinción del yanaconaje en el valle de Cochabamba: Análisis de un padrón de yanaconas (1692).” Estudios-UMSS no. 2 (1988): 29–59.

———. “La región de Cochabamba desde una perspectiva ilustrada: El programa del intendente Francisco de Viedma a fines del siglo XVIII.” Decursos 2, no. 4 (1997): 59–72.

———. “El origen de la hacienda en el Valle Bajo de Cochabamba: Conformación de la estructura agraria (1500–1700).” Bachelor’s thesis, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, 1987.

Gordillo, José M., Alberto Rivera, and Evi Sulcata. ¿Pitaq kaypi kamachiq? Las estructuras de poder en Cochabamba, 1940–2006. La Paz: CESU; DICYT-UMSS, PIEB, 2007.

Gordillo, José M., and Robert H Jackson. “Formación, crisis y transformación de la estructura agraria de Cochabamba: El caso de la hacienda Paucarpata y de la comunidad del Passo, 1538–1645 y 1872–1929.” Revista de Indias, no. 199, vol LIII (1993): 723–760.

———. “Mestizaje y proceso de parcelación en la estructura agraria de Cochabamba: El caso de Sipe Sipe en los siglos XVIII–XIX.” Hisla, no. 10 (1987): 15–37.

Gordillo, José M., and Mercedes del Río. La visita de Tiquipaya (1573): análisis etno-demográfico de un padrón toledano. Cochabamba: CERES/UMSS, 1993.

Gotkowitz, Laura, ed. Histories of Race and Racism: The Andes and Mesoamerica from Colonial Times to the Present. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.

———. A Revolution for Our Rights: Indigenous Struggles for Land and Justice in Bolivia, 1880–1952. Durham: Duke University Press, 2007.

Gould, Jeffrey L. To Die in This Way: Nicaraguan Indians and the Myth of Mestizaje, 1880–1965. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

———. To Lead as Equals: Rural Protest and Political Consciousness in Chinandega, Nicaragua, 1912–1979. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

Graham, Richard, ed. The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990.

Grindle, Merilee, and Pilar Domingo, eds. Proclaiming Revolution: Bolivia in Comparative Perspective. Harvard and London: DRCLAS and ILAS, 2003.

Grisaffi, Thomas. “We are Originarios… ‘We Just Aren’t from Here’: Coca leaf and Identity Politics in the Chapare, Bolivia.” Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 29, no. 4 (2010): 425–439.

Guidieri, Remo, Francesco Pellizzi, and Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah, eds. Ethnicities and Nations: Processes of Inter Ethnic Relations in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. Austin: University of Texas Pres, 1988.

Guzmán, Guido. Patrones, arrenderos y piqueros. Emergencia de una estructura agraria poblacional: Toco-Cliza 1860–1920. Cochabamba: Editorial J.V., 1999.

Harris, Olivia, and Xavier Albó. Monteras y guardatojos: campesinos y mineros en el norte de Potosí. La Paz: CIPCA, 1986.

Heath, Dwight B. “Borrachera indígena, cambio de concepciones. Comentario en torno a Borrachera y memoria.” In Borrachera y memoria: la experiencia de lo sagrado en Los Andes, edited by Thierry Saignes, 171–185. La Paz: Hisbol/IFEA, 1993.

Heath, Dwight B., Charles Erasmus, and Hans Buechler. Land Reform and Social Revolution in Bolivia. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Inc., 1969.

Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Incas. Boston: Mariner Books/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.

Hines, Sarah T. Water for All: Community, Property, and Revolution in Modern Bolivia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2021.

———. “The Power and Ethics of Vernacular Modernisim: The Misicuni Dam Project in Cochabamba, Bolivia, 1944–2017.” Hispanic American Historical Review 98:2 (2018): 223–256.

———. “Dividing the Waters: How Power, Property, and Protest Transformed the Waterscape of Cochabamba, Bolivia (1879–2000).” PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 2015.

Hylton, Forrest. “History, ‘Indigeneity’, and the Anthropology of Revolution in Bolivia.” In Fifty Years of Peasant Wars in Latin America, edited by Leigh Binford, et.al. 173–200. New York: Berghahn Books, 2020.

Hylton, Forrest, and Sinclair Thomson. Revolutionary Horizons: Past and Present in Bolivian Politics. London: Verso, 2007.

Irurozqui, Marta. “La amenaza chola: la participación popular en las elecciones bolivianas, 1900–1930.” Revista Andina 13, no. 2 (1995): 357–388.

———. La armonía de las desigualdades: elites y conflictos de poder en Bolivia, 1880–1920. Cusco: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de las Casas, 1994.

Jackson, Robert H. Regional Markets and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia: Cochabamba, 1539–1960. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994.

———. “Evolución y persistencia del colonaje en las haciendas de Cochabamba.” Siglo XIX, Año III, no. 6, (julio-diciembre 1988): 145–162.

John, Sándor S. Bolivia’s Radical Tradition: Permanent Revolution in the Andes. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 2009.

Joséph, Gilbert M. In from the Cold: Latin America’s New Encounter with the Cold War. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.

Joséph, Gilbert M., Catherine LeGrand, and Ricardo Donato Salvatore, eds. Close Encounters of Empire: Writing the Cultural History of U.S.-Latin American Relations. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

Joséph, Gilbert M., and Daniel Nugent, eds. Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico. Durham: Duke University Press, 1994.

Klein, Herbert S. Bolivia: The Evolution of a Multi-Ethnic Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

———. Revolution and the Rebirth of Inequality: A Theory Applied to the National Revolution in Bolivia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981.

———. Orígenes de la revolución nacional boliviana: la crisis de la generación del Chaco. La Paz: Librería y Editorial Juventud, 1968.

Knight, Alan. “The Domestic Dynamics of the Mexican and Bolivian Revolutions Compared.” In Merilee Grindle and Pilar Domingo, eds. Proclaiming Revolution: Bolivia in Comparative Perspective. Harvard and London: DRCLAS and ILAS, 2003: 54–90.

———. “Racism, Revolution, and Indigenismo, 1910–1940.” In The Idea of Race in Latin America, 1870–1940, edited by Richard Graham, 71–113. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990.

———. The Mexican Revolution. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Knudson, Jerry. Bolivia: Press and Revolution, 1932–1964. Lanham: University Press of America, Inc., 1986.

Ladman, Jerry R, ed. Modern-Day Bolivia: Legacy of the Revolution and Prospects for the Future. Tempe, Arizona: Arizona State University, Center for Latin American Studies, 1982.

Lara, Jesús. Llalliypacha: Tiempo de vencer. Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1977.

———. Sinchicay: El valor. Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1977.

———. Yawarninchij: Nuestra sangre. Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1974.

Larson, Brooke. “Revisiting Bolivian Studies: Reflections on Theory, Scholarship, and Activism since 1980.” Latin American Research Review, 54 (2), (2019): 294–309.

———. “Capturing Indian Bodies, Heards, and Minds: ‘El hogar campesino’ and Rural School Reform in Bolivia, 1920s–1940s.” In Merilee Grindle and Pilar Domingo, eds. Proclaiming Revolution. Bolivia in Comparative Perspective. Harvard and London: DRCLAS and ILAS, 2003: 183–209.

———. Cochabamba, 1550–1900: Colonialism and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.

———. “Casta y clase: la formación de un campesinado mestizo y mercantil en la región de Cochabamba.” Allpanchis, no. 35–36 (1990): 187–224.

———. Colonialism and Agrarian Transformation in Bolivia: Cochabamba, 1550–1900. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

———. “Dimensiones históricas de la dinámica económica del campesinado contemporáneo en la región de Cochabamba.” In Explotación agraria y resistencia campesina, edited by Brooke Larson, 165–191. La Paz: CERES, 1983.

———, ed. Explotación agraria y resistencia campesina. La Paz: CERES, 1983.

Larson, Brooke, and Rosario León. “Markets, Power, and the Politics of Exchange in Tapacarí, c. 1780 and 1980.” In Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology, edited by Brooke Larson, Olivia Harris, and Enrique Tandeter, 224–256. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995.

Larson, Brooke, Olivia Harris, and Enrique Tandeter, eds. Ethnicity, Markets, and Migration in the Andes: At the Crossroads of History and Anthropology. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995.

Lehm, Zulema and Silvia Rivera. Los artesanos libertarios y la ética del trabajo. La Paz: THOA, 1988.

Lema, Ana Maria. El sentido del silencio: La mano de obra chiquitana en el oriente boliviano a principios del siglo XX. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: UPIEB, 2009.

Loveman, Brian. For La Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 1999.

Loveman, Brian, and Thomas M. Davies. The Politics of Antipolitics: The Military in Latin America. 2nd ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.

Madrid, Raúl L. The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

Mallon, Florencia E. “Indian Communities, Political Cultures, and the State in Latin America, 1780–1990.” Journal of Latin American Studies 24 (January 1, 1992): 35–53.

———. The Defense of Community in Peru’s Central Highlands: Peasant Struggle and Capitalist Transition, 1860–1940. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Malloy, James M. Bolivia: The Uncompleted Revolution. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1970.

Malloy, James M., and Eduardo Gamarra. Revolution and Reaction: Bolivia, 1964–1985. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, Inc., 1988.

Maybury-Lewis, David, ed. The Politics of Ethnicity: Indigenous Peoples in Latin America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Mitre, Antonio. Los patriarcas de la plata: Estructura socioeconómica de la minería boliviana en el siglo XIX. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1981.

Nobbs-Thiessen, Ben. Landscape of Migration: Mobility and Environmental Change in Bolivia’s Tropical Frontier, 1952 to the present. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020.

Nugent, Daniel. Spent Cartridges of Revolution: An Anthropological History of Namiquipa, Chihuahua. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Nugent, Daniel, and Ana María Alonso. “Multiple Selective Traditions in Agrarian Reform and Agrarian Struggle: Popular Culture and State Formation in the Ejido of Namiquipa Chihuahua.” In Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico, edited by Gilbert Michael Joséph and Daniel Nugent, 209–246. Durham: Duke University Press, 1994.

O’Phelan, Scarlett. Rebellions and Revolts in Eighteenth Century Peru and Upper Peru. Cologne: Böhlau, 1985.

Patch, Richard. “Bolivia: The Restrained Revolution.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 334 (1961): 123–132.

Pérez, Elizardo. Warisata: La escuela-ayllu. 2nd ed. La Paz: Hisbol/CERES, 1992.

Pruden, Hernán. “Cruceños into Cambas: Regionalism and Revolutionary Nationalism in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, 1935–1959.” PhD dissertation, Stony Brook University, 2012.

Ramírez, Alejandra., comp. Escuelas y procesos de cambio. Cochabamba: CESU, 2006.

Rivas, Sinforoso. Los hombres de la revolución: memorias de un líder campesino. La Paz: CERES/Plural Editores, 2000.

Rivera Cusicanqui, Silvia. “Oppressed but not Defeated”: Peasants Struggles among the Aymara and Qhechwa in Bolivia, 1900–1980. Geneva: UNRISD, 1987.

———. Oprimidos, pero no vencidos: luchas del campesinado aymara y qhechwa de Bolivia, 1900–1980. La Paz: Hisbol/CSUTCB, 1984.

Rivera Pizarro, Alberto. Los terratenientes de Cochabamba. La Paz: CERES/FACES, 1992.

Rocha, José A. Sociedad agraria y religión:, Cambio social e identidad en los valles de Cochabamba. La Paz: Hisbol, 1990.

Rodríguez Ostria, Gustavo. “Entre reformas y contrarreformas: las comunidades indígenas en el Valle Bajo Cochabambino (1825–1900).” In La construcción de una región: Cochabamba y su historia, siglos XIX–XX, edited by Gustavo Rodríguez Ostria, 51–102. Cochabamba: UMSS, 1995.

———. “Fiesta, poder y espacio urbano en Cochabamba, (1880–1923).” In La construcción de una región: Cochabamba y su historia, siglos XIX–XX, edited by Gustavo Rodríguez Ostria, 25–50. Cochabamba: UMSS, 1995.

———. “Fronteras Interiores y Exteriores: Tradición y Modernidad en Cochabamba, (1825–1917).” In La construcción de una región. Cochabamba y su historia, siglos XIX­XX, edited by Gustavo Rodríguez Ostria, 1–24. Cochabamba: UMSS, 1995.

———, ed. La construcción de una región: Cochabamba y su historia, siglos XIX–XX. Cochabamba: UMSS, 1995.

Rodríguez, Gustavo and Humberto Solares. Sociedad oligárquica, chicha y cultura popular: ensayo histórico sobre la identidad regional. Cochabamba: Editorial Serrano, 1990.

Rodríguez, Linda A., ed. Rank and Privilege: The Military and Society in Latin America. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1994.

Roseberry, William. “Hegemony and the Language of Contention.” In Everyday Forms of State Formation: Revolution and the Negotiation of Rule in Modern Mexico, edited by G. M. Joséph and Daniel Nugent, 355–366. Durham: Duke University Press, 1994.

Rubin, Jeffrey W. Decentering the Regime: Ethnicity, Radicalism, and Democracy in Juchitán, Mexico. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.

Saignes, Thierry, ed. Borrachera y memoria: la experiencia de lo sagrado en Los Andes. La Paz: Hisbol/IFEA, 1993.

———. “‘Estar en otra cabeza’: tomar en los Andes.” In Borrachera y Memoria: la experiencia de lo sagrado en Los Andes, edited by Thierry Saignes, 11–21. La Paz: Hisbol/IFEA, 1993.

Sánchez-Albornoz, Nicolás. Indios y tributos en el Alto Perú. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1978.

Schramm, Raimundo. “Mosaicos etnohistóricos del valle de Cliza (Valle Alto Cochabambino), siglo XVI.” Historia y Cultura, no. 18 (1990): 3–41.

Scott, James C. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

———. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

———. The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976.

Scott, Joan Wallach. Gender and the Politics of History. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Shesko, Elizabeth. “Mobilizing Manpower for War: Toward a New History of Bolivia’s Chaco Conflict, 1932–1935.” Hispanic American Historical Review 95, n. 2 (2015): 299–334.

Solares, Humberto. Historia, espacio y sociedad: Cochabamba, 1550–1950. 2 vols. Cochabamba: Honorable Alcaldía Municipal de Cochabamba/IIA-Cidre, 1990.

Solíz, Carmen. Fields of Revolution: Agrarian Reform and Rural State Formation, 1935–1964. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press, 2021.

———. “‘Land to the Original Owners’: Rethinking the Indigenous Politics of the Bolivian Agrarian Reform.” Hispanic American Historical Review 97, n. 2 (2017): 259–296.

Soto Laveaga, Gabriela. Jungle laboratories: Mexican peasants, national projects, and the making of the Pill. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009.

Soto S., César. Historia del pacto militar campesino. Cochabamba: CERES, 1994.

Soruco, Ximena, et.al. Los barones del oriente: El poder en Santa Cruz ayer y hoy. Santa Cruz: Fundación Tierra, 2008.

Stern, Steve J., ed. Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

———. “New Approaches to the Study of Peasant Rebellion and Consciousness: Implication of the Andean Experience.” In Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries, edited by Steve J. Stern, 3–25. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.

———. Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1982.

Taboada Terán, Néstor. Indios en rebelión: hechos de la revolución boliviana. Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1968.

Thompson, Sinclair. “Revolutionary Memory in Bolivia: Anticolonial and National Projects from 1781 to 1952.” In Proclaiming Revolution. Bolivia in Comparative Perspective, edited by Merilee Grindle and Pilar Domingo, 117–134. Harvard and London: DRCLAS and ILAS, 2003.

Urban, Greg, and Joel Sherzer, eds. Nation-States and Indians in Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Vargas Valenzuela, Óscar. La verdad sobre la muerte del General Barrientos: a la luz de investigaciones policiales, técnicas y esotéricas. La Paz: Los Amigos del Libro, 1983.

Vaughan, Mary Kay. Cultural Politics in Revolution: Teachers, Peasants, and Schools in Mexico, 1930–1940. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1997.

Viedma, Francisco de. Descripción geográfica y estadística de la provincia de Santa Cruz de la Sierra [1788]. Third edition. Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1969.

Wachtel, Nathan. “Los Mitimas del valle de Cochabamba: La política de colonización de Wayna Capac.” Historia Boliviana 1, no. 1 (1981): 21–57.

Wade, Peter. Race and Ethnicity in Latin America. London: Pluto Press, 2010.

Warman, Arturo. Y venimos a contradecir: los campesinos de Morelos y el estado nacional. Mexico City: SEP, 1988.

Werner, Bridgette K. “Between Autonomy and Acquiescence: Negotiating Rule in Revolutionary Bolivia, 1953–1958.” Hispanic American Historical Review 100: 1, February (2020): 93–122.

———. “To Make Rivers of Blood Flow: Agrarian Reform, Rural Warfare, and State Expansion in Post-Revolutionary Bolivia, 1952–1974.” PhD dissertation, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2018.

Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. St. Albans, England: Paladin, 1975.

Wolf, Eric R. Peasant Wars of the Twentieth Century. New York: Harper & Row, 1969.

Young, Kevin A., ed. Making the Revolution: Histories of the Latin American Left. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.

———. Blood of the Earth: Resource Nationalism, Revolution, and Empire in Bolivia. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2017.