Index
Page numbers in bold refer to illustrations. All page numbers refer to print edition.
A
Aboriginal peoples. See Indigenous peoples
Acme Farmers Dairy Co., 197
activism
animal rights, 289, 301–2
animal welfare radicalism, 87–88, 93, 95, 97, 102, 168–69
anti-vaccination, 167–68
in Vancouver counterculture, 286, 294, 296
for whales, 286, 288, 299, 300
Acton, James, 207
Actor Network Theory (ANT), 7
Adams, Carol J., 6–7
Africa
imperialist projects in, 30, 31–32, 40, 198
Western beliefs about, 33–34
agencements, 8, 156, 174
Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears, 258
Alberta rabies crisis, 219–20, 223–24, 226–30
Alice (cow elephant), 35, 42
animal capture and captivity
beavers in, 147–48
cetaceans in, 287, 288–89, 295–98, 300–301
elephants in, 30–31, 32, 33, 34–39
Animal Contagious Diseases Act, 77
animal cruelty, 77, 92, 96–97, 99, 102–5
animal-human relations
agencements, 8, 156, 174
Canadian identity in, 1–2
as colonial encounters, 29–30, 49
with domestic animals, 10, 71, 74, 90, 92, 196–97
scholarly treatments, 2–8, 12–19, 314–15, 319–21
with wildlife, 149, 220–21, 224, 243, 259–60, 262–63, 288, 316–19
women perceived in, 18, 89, 96, 102–5
animal labour essays, 17–18
animal rights, 6–7, 289, 301–2
animal turn, 2–8, 15–19
animal welfare movements
against vaccine production, 168–69
animal rights, 6–7, 289, 301–2
for cetaceans, 286, 288, 299, 300
debates against, 101–6
organization of, 90–91, 93–101, 106–8
for polar bears, 260
radicalism in, 87–89
values and narratives, 91–93, 161
animalization, 29–30, 49
animals
as fetish objects, 40
as heroic, 176, 177–78
personalization of, 303
as representations, 146, 286
ANT. See Actor Network Theory (ANT)
anthropomorphism, 35, 42, 91
anti-cruelty legislation, 96–97, 102–5
anti-whaling campaigns, 288, 300
Antitoxin Laboratory. See Connaught Laboratories
antitoxin production, 162, 163–65, 169–77
antivaccination movements, 167–69
antivivisection movements, 4, 95, 97, 168–69
aquariums, 116, 118–20, 128–29. See also Vancouver Aquarium
Archibald, Kristoffer, 17, 18, 316
Arctic foxes, 219, 230. See also foxes
Arnup, Katherine, 167
Arstingall, George, 36
arts and fashion, 3, 104
assemblage, 7, 8, 156, 157, 159
Atkins, Peter, 9, 191, 314–15
avian flu, 78
Avon company, 210
Ayrshire cows, 202–3
B
Baartman, Saartjie, 31–32
Ballantyne, A.A., 226, 227, 228, 230, 243
Ballentine, Mr. (of Hamilton), 197
Bands of Mercy, 92, 98
Banff Advisory Council, 235, 236–38, 239, 241, 242, 243
Banff National Park
animal controls, 231–35
bears in, 262
domestic animals in, 220–21, 235–40
rabies education, 228, 230
wildlife takes over, 240–42
Banton, J.F., 168
Baratay, Eric, 8
Barlett, Abraham, 32–33
Barnum and Bailey Circus, 34, 35–37, 38
Barnum, P.T., 33–34, 35–37, 39–40, 42
Barrett, Bob, 46–47
Barrett, David, 300
Bauer, Josef, 291
bears, 226–27, 241, 242, 244, 262. See also polar bears
Beauchamp, Joseph, 67
Beauchamp, Pierre family, 71–72
Beaver Lake, 144, 145, 148, 150–53
beavers
characteristics of, 10, 17, 140, 142–43, 145–46, 149–50
in Stanley Park, 139, 144, 147–48, 150–53
Behring, Emil Adolf von, 162
Belcher, S.D., 199
belugas, display of, 118, 305
Belzoni, Battista, 42, 45
Benson, Etienne, 9
Berger, John, 3
Bergh, Henry, 168
Berreville, Oliver, 211
Biehler, Dawn, 9
Biel, Alice Wondrak, 256, 262
Bigg, Michael, 293
birding, 259
birds, made into hats, 104
Bjossa (killer whale), 301, 304
blackfish. See killer whales
Blackfish (film), 305
Bliss, Michael, 167
Boer War, use of horses in, 76
Boston Aquarial Gardens, 118
Bourgeois, Louise, 3
Bourniot, Mrs. (of Ottawa), 194
bovine growth hormones, 190, 210
bovine tuberculosis, 244
Bowman, Charles, 66–67
Bradbury, Bettina, 15
Braidotti, Rosi, 6
breast milk, 189, 204–5, 209–10
breastfeeding, 189, 194, 203–5, 208
breeds and breeding
cows, 202
horses, 71, 76
Brick Top (serum horse), 175–76
British Army, tetanus prevention in, 165–66
British Columbia
cougar control, 15
whale capture opposition, 300
British Columbia Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (BCSPCA), 100
Bronnum, Winston, 45
Brown, Adam, 100, 102–3, 105
Brown, Karen, 9
Bruce, Sir David, 165
Buckland, Frank, 117
Burdett-Coutts, Angela (Baroness), 93, 95
Burich, Samuel, 291
Burt, Jonathan, 4
C
Calgary, AB, anti-rabies campaigns, 227, 228, 230
Calgary Herald, on anti-rabies measures, 232, 233, 234
calves, in vaccine production, 163–64, 166, 167, 168
Cambridge Bay, NT, 219
Canada. See also Canadian Fisheries Museum
animal anti-cruelty debates, 102–5
animal control programs, 226
antitoxin funding, 163, 166
beaver as symbol of, 146
dairy business reports, 198
fisheries department, 115–16, 117, 120–21, 126–27, 128–29, 132–33, 134, 291
historiographies of, 8–12, 14–19
milk quality reform, 198–200
rabies crisis, 219–20, 223, 224, 232
tourism promotion, 258, 268–69
Canada Day, 47
Canadian Anti Vivisection League, 169
Canadian Fisheries Museum, 116, 123–24, 126, 127–28, 129–32, 133–34
Canadian Fisherman, on fisheries museum, 133
Canadian Geographic, on Churchill polar bears, 271
Canadian Horse and His Diseases, The, 158–59
Canadian Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (CSPCA), 90, 93–96, 97–98, 101
Canadian Wildlife Service, 269
capitalist treatments, of human and cow’s milk, 190, 209–11
Careless, J.M.S, 14
Carle, Antonio, 160
Carnegie Corporation, 198
Carson, Rachel, 192, 291
Carter, Sam, 219
carters
housing and stables, 68, 70
Montreal strike, 15, 66
social and economic opportunities, 58–61, 71–74
Castonguay, Stéphane, 15
cat owners, on licensing and leashes, 237–38
catarrh of horses, 78
cats, control programs, 220, 221, 225, 232, 234, 237–398, 240
Center for Biological Diversity, on polar bears, 274
cetaceans, 7, 290–91, 293–94, 295–98, 305
Check List of the Fishes of the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, 131
Chicago Exposition (1893), 123, 126, 128
chickens, studies of, 9
children. See also infant health
in animal welfare narratives, 92–93
health and illnesses, 157–58, 192, 228
humane education programs for, 93, 95
milk consumption by, 201–2, 204
protection of, 99, 100
Chivé, Mr. (of Montreal), 70–71
Chuny (elephant), 33
Churchill, MB
identity and economy, 257, 258–59, 273–75
polar bears in, 255–56, 259–68
tourism packages, 268–72
Churchill Wildlife Management Area, 270
circuses
demands for animals, 30
entertainments, 34, 35–37, 38, 118
scholarly studies, 287
City Passenger Railway (Montreal), 62–63, 65
Civil War, use of horses, 76, 84n27
classism
in anti-cruelty debates, 104–5
in milk quality, 202, 207–8, 211
towards breasts and breastfeeding, 204, 210
climate change and northern tourism, 274, 275
Clostridium tetani, 156, 160, 174, 177. See also tetanus
Coal Harbour whaling port, 290
Colby, Jason, 17, 18, 315
Coleman, Jon, 8
colonialism
animal capture and display as, 29–30, 33, 49
in Canada’s metanarrative, 10–11
Colpitts, George, 18, 256, 262, 316
Commissariat (British Army), 65
comparative medicine, 77, 80
competition, in dairy business, 200
Congress of Nations (circus show), 36
Connaught Laboratories, 156, 163–67, 169–74, 175–77, 226, 232
Connor, J.T.H., 15
Conrad (raccoon), 318
construction work, horse-driven, 63
Cook, Kathryn, 304
Copeman, Ruby, 48
Corbett, Mrs. (of Hamilton), 196
Cormack, John, 298
Cornell University, donations of animal specimens to, 42
cougars, culling of, 15, 226–27
Couture, Joseph-Alphonse, 77
cow byres, 196–97
cowpox vaccine production, 166
cows. See also calves
breeding of, 202–3
health and living conditions, 190, 191, 193–97, 199–200, 210–11
as maternal symbol, 191–92, 203–204, 205, 210
as politically white, 198
cow’s milk, marketing of, 189–90
coyotes, 149, 220, 222, 226–27, 228, 235, 240–42, 244
Crabtree, Jno, 155–56
Crag and Canyon, on Banff animal control, 232, 237–39
Cronon, William, 14
Cruelty to Animals Act, 102. See also animal cruelty
CSPCA. See Canadian Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (CSPCA)
culls, 225–27, 230, 231, 234–35, 241–42, 257
Cunningham, Robert A, 36–37
Cuvier, Georges, 31–32
D
Dagenais, Michèle, 15
dairy industry, 17, 190, 193–96, 198, 199–200, 202, 210–11
Dan (serum horse), 176
Danforth Glebe Estates, 313
Danish Serum Institute, 170–71
Darwin, Charles, quoted, 81
Darwin’s theory and animal welfare movement, 91
Davin, Nicholas Flood, 103
Davis, Susan, 287
DDT, in breast milk, 189, 192, 211
Dean, Joanna, 17, 309
deer, 220, 240–41, 242
Defries, Robert, 163, 172, 175
Deleuze, Gilles, 7, 156
deliveries, horse-driven, 61–62, 63–64, 65–66
DeLottinville, Peter, 15
Denton, Sherman, 131–32
Derrida, Jacques, 6
Derry, Margaret, 203
DES (diethylstilbestrol) contamination, 192
Despret, Vinciane, 8, 156
Dicken, Orlo B., 158
diphtheria antitoxin production, 162, 163, 169–70
diseases. See also horse diseases; rabies; tetanus
animals as vectors of, 78–79, 155–56, 160–62, 244, 320
historians on, 16
study and testing of, 75, 76–77
dog owners, on licensing and leashes, 225, 235–40
dogs
accounts of rabies in, 219–20, 222, 223
control programs, 162, 220–21, 224–26, 227, 230–34, 238–40, 243
disease studies, 75
dolphins, research and display of, 295, 305
domestic animals, 10, 15, 90, 162, 244, 310–14. See also cats; cows; dogs; horses
Dominion Fisheries Museum. See Canadian Fisheries Museum
Douglas, Catherine, 211
draft animals. See sled dogs; workhorses
Dryden, ON monument, 45
Dumaine, Charles, 73
Durang, John, 34
Durbach, Nadja, 167–68
E
ecofeminist theory, 7, 89–90, 108
economies
fishing, 290–91
horsey trades, 58–66, 71–73
pet, 10
tourism, 17, 272, 286, 288
Edenshaw, Charles, 35
Edmonton, AB, anti-rabies campaigns, 227, 228, 230
education and information programs. See also public health reform
animal welfare, 91–93, 95
on bears, 262, 266–68
fish exhibits, 119–20
as moral reform, 99
Norway rat control, 224
rabies, 224–25, 227–30
“Re-Wilding of the City,” 13
efficiency studies, horse vs. steam engine, 75
Egyptian antiquities, 42
Ehakataitok “Eskimo Jack,” 219
electrification of transportation, 66, 70, 161, 314
elephants. See also Jumbo
on display, 32–33, 34–35
trade in, 30, 31, 49
elk, 148, 220, 240–41
Elk Island National Park anti-rabies measures, 234
emotions
and animal welfare engagement, 102, 103, 107
and lactation, 204, 211
England
animal welfare movement, 87
fisheries exhibitions, 116, 120–22
rabies panics, 221–22
entertainments, 8, 287, 315–16. See also circuses; fish exhibitions; museums; photography; tourism; whale shows; zoos
environmental history perspectives, 11–12, 15–16, 18
Era of Biologicals, The (Thom), 174
Erickson, Bruce, 5
Eskimo Museum, 274
Esquimalt Navy frogmen, 292
Ethnological Congress (circus show), 36–37, 38
eugenics, cow breeding as, 202–3, 209
Evans, D. (of Hamilton), 196
evolutionary theory and animal welfare movement, 91
F
Fahrni, Magda, 16
farms
dairy, 199–203, 210–11
dogs on, 230–31
in serum production, 163–65, 166–67, 168, 169–77
fashions with animals, 3, 104, 318
Feazel, Charles, 272
feminism in Victorian Canada, 87–89, 102, 107–8
Ferguson, Duncan, 198, 199
ferries, horse-driven, 62
fetishes, animal specimens as, 40
Fiamengo, Janice, 5
Field, BC, rabies crisis, 220, 232, 236, 240
Finna (killer whale), 301, 304
firefighting, horse-driven, 62
Fireweed (Vancouver band), 298
First Nations. See Indigenous peoples
First World War
horses used in, 76, 163
tetanus measures, 165–66, 169, 174, 175–76
fish culture and hatcheries, 116–18, 119–24, 129
fish exhibitions, 115, 116, 118–20, 128–29
fish taxidermy, 124–26
fisheries. See also Canadian Fisheries Museum
exhibitions and museums, 116, 117, 120–22, 128–29, 134, 148
killer whales as threat to, 290–91, 293
FitzGerald, John Gerald, 162–63, 166, 172, 175
Flach, E.H., 43
food study historians, 15–16
Ford, Harrison, 49
Ford, John, 303
Fort Churchill, MB, founding of, 258, 259
Fort Fitzgerald, AB, rabies crisis, 219
Fort Vermilion, AB, rabies crisis, 219, 222–23, 228, 230–31
fox hunt historians, 15
foxes, 219, 222, 226–27, 228, 230, 244
France
fish culture, 116
horsemanship culture, 58
Franklin, Dwight, 125
freakery, 30, 49, 55
Free Willy (film), 303–4
Fudge, Erica, 8
fur trade and furs, 149, 258, 259, 318
Fur Trade in Canada, The (Innis), 10
G
game hunting, 30, 40–41
Garland-Thompson, Rosemarie, 33
Gatineau-Ottawa rabies controls, 225
Gaynor, Andrea, 9
gender in animal welfare movement, 87–91
General Motors, 211
genetic modification of cows, 210
Geological Survey of Canada museum, 131
Georgia Straight, 294, 297, 298
Gilson, Geoffrey, 16
glanders, 77, 79–80
Gooderham, Colonel A.E., 163
Gordon Point, MB, 270
Gorgeous Beasts (Landes), 149
Gosse, Philip Henry, 118
Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), 30, 37, 65, 66
Grande Menagerie animal tour, 31
Great Moments in Pharmacy (painting series), 174
Greene, Ann Norton, 58, 67
Greenpeace, 286, 298–99, 299–300, 301
Grey Owl, 146
Grier, Katherine C., 8
Griffin, Ted, 285, 286, 294
Grisdale, J.H., 199, 202–3
growth hormones, 190, 210
GTR. See Grand Trunk Railway (GTR)
Guattari, Felix, 7, 156
guinea pigs, as research animals, 163, 182n30
Guravich, Dan, 270
Gwynne, Julia, 100
H
Hackett, Paul, 16
Haida, and killer whales, 286, 290
Halifax fishery exhibit, 128
Halkett, Andrew, 116, 127–28, 129–30, 131, 133–34
Hamilton Dairy, 201
Hamilton, ON, milk and dairy reform, 191, 195, 196–97, 206, 207, 208
Hamilton Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, 100
Hansen, Bert, 174
Hanson Island, BC, 297, 299
Haraway, Donna, 5, 8
Harris, Cole, 16
Harris, John, 312–14
Haslam, Andrew, 104
hay, 63, 66, 70, 72, 75
Heap, Margaret, 15
Henry, W.J., 126, 127
Herman (transgenic dairy bull), 210
Herns, Frank, 199
High Modernism, in rabies control, 227
Hippocrates, accounts of tetanus by, 156–57
Hird, Myra, 5
Holstein-Friesland cows, 202
Holt, L.E., 206–7
Hornaday, William T., 124–25
Horne’s Zoological Arena, 145, 146
horse boats, 62
horse diseases, 77–78, 79–80, 158–59
horse manure, 66–67, 159, 161–62
horsemanship culture, 58, 64
horsepower, 63–64, 68
horses. See also workhorses
in antitoxin production, 17, 163–65, 170–77
breeding of, 71, 76
health and illnesses of, 76–80, 158–59, 160–61
as members of working class, 4
modern urban, 57, 81
horsey trades, 58–66, 71–73
Hovorka, Alice, 9
Howells, Philip, 9
Hribal, Jason, 4, 8
Hudson’s Bay Company, 146, 258, 259
human identity, 5–6, 7
human slavery, as parallel to animal capture, 30, 32
humane societies, 90–91, 93, 98–101. See also Toronto Humane Society (THS)
Hunter, Bob, 300
hunting. See also trapping
exotic game, 30, 40–41
polar bear, 258, 259
raccoon, 317–18
sanctioned, 226–27, 231, 234–35, 241–42, 257
Hustak, Carla, 17, 18, 310
Hyak/Tung Jen (killer whale), 296, 300, 301, 303
hydrophobia. See rabies
I
IFAW (International Fund for Animal Welfare), 260
Ig Nobel prizes, 211
immunization science, 162
imperialism
capture and captivity as, 30, 31–32, 40
and milk industry, 190, 198
Indiana Jones, 46
Indigenous peoples
disease outbreaks, 16
historical roles, 9, 10–11
killer whales and, 290
polar bears and, 258, 259, 273–74
in rabies control programs, 228, 230
reserves and settlements of, 13–14, 320–21
sled dogs and, 226, 249n46
their scientific knowledge, 12
industrialization
fishery exhibits on, 121
human-animal relationships under, 3–4, 90, 92
industries
animal processing, 312–14
Montreal expansion, 64–65, 66, 68
infant health
fears of eugenics and, 202
historians on, 16
imperialist projects, 190, 198
influenzas, 16, 78
information programs. See education and information programs
Ingram, Darcy, 15, 17, 18, 315
Innis, Harold, 10, 14
inspections
dairy barns, 193–94, 196–97
horses, 77
intelligence of animals, 33, 91, 93, 295–97
International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), 260
Inuit experiences, 13–14, 226, 249n46, 258, 273–74
Ito, Takashi, 8
ivory trade, 30–31, 49
J
Jackson, William Henry, 33
Jardin des Plantes (Paris), 31, 32
Jasper, AB, rabies control program, 220, 231–32
JCC. See Jumbo Centennial Committee (JCC)
Jericho Army Base (Vancouver), 292–93, 300
Joe Beef (Charles McKiernan), 15
Johnson, Phillip David, II, 9
Jones, Esyllt W., 16
Joyce, James, on Jumbo, 35
Jumbo Centennial Committee (JCC), 44–45
Jumbo Days, 47–48
Jumbo (elephant)
capture and captivity, 29, 31, 32–33, 34–36, 37, 38
memorialization of, 39–48
Jumbo (film), 44
Jumbomania, 35, 44–46, 47–48
K
Kean, Hilda, 3
Keelan, Jennifer, 166, 167
Keeping One Cow, 194
Keiko (killer whale), 304
Kelso, John, 101, 105–6
Kenora, ON monument, 45
Kete, Kathleen, 4
Kheraj, Sean, 15, 141, 148, 257, 288
killer whales. See also Skana
peoples’ perceptions of, 288, 299
populations, 290
research on, 293–94, 295–97
in shows, 285–86, 287, 292, 301–2, 304
King, Samantha, 210
Kingston, ON, rabies controls, 225
Kingston, William, 146
Kitasato Shibasaburo, 162
Klee Brasserie (New York), 209–10
Klingle, Matthew, 287
Knight, William, 17
L
labour strikes, Montreal carters, 66, 71
Ladies’ Human Education Committee, 93–95
Lake Ontario salmon naturalization, 120
Lansbury, Coral, 4
Latour, Bruno, 7
leash laws, 13–14, 225–26, 230–32, 233–34, 235–38, 243
Lederle Laboratory, 232
legal rights of animals, 7
Lemelin, R. Harvey, 256, 257
Levi-Strauss, Claude, 2
licensing and regulation
animal processing, 312–14
cats and dogs, 162, 224, 225, 227, 232, 233–34, 236, 237–38
dairy, 193–97
livestock, 310–12
Life, on polar bears, 271
Lilly, John, 295
lions
cultural memory of, 8
trade in, 146
Lippit, Akira, 3
Lister, Frederick, 105
livestock regulations, 310–12
Livingston, Julie, 5
lockjaw. See tetanus
London Daily News, on Jumbo’s death, 40
London International Fisheries Exhibition, 116, 120–22
London Zoo, 32–33, 34–35
Loo, Tina, 288
Love, B.I., 220, 231, 232
Lucas, Frederic, 131
Luxton, Norman, 238–39
lynch mobs, game-hunting behaviour of, 40–41
lynx, in culls, 226–27
Lyssavirus, 221
M
McCowan, Elsie, 238
MacDonald, Sir John A., 102, 141
MacEachern, Alan, 244
McEachran, Duncan, 74, 76
McGeer, Patrick, 293–94, 298
McGill University medical lectures, 74
MacKenzie, Carol, 266
Mackie, Richard, 15
McKiernan, Charles “Joe Beef,” 15
McLeod, Terry, 296
MacMillan Bloedel, 300
MacMurchy, Helen, 196, 198, 204–5, 208
McNeur, Catherine, 9
McShane, Clay, 58
McTavish, Lianne, 15
Manitoba
Aboriginal hunting rights, 258
fishery exhibits, 119, 129
polar bear tourism study, 268–69
Manitoba Conservation, 269
Manitoba Government Employees’ Association, 262
manure, 66–67, 159, 161–62
Maplewood Mudflats (Vancouver), 299
Marek, John, 157
Marey, Étienne-Jules, 76
“market women” in anti-cruelty debates, 104–5
mascots, Jumbo as, 42–43
mastitis, 205–6, 210
media campaigns
animal welfare, 90–93
antitoxin production, 169–77
Banff animal control, 237–39
circus promotion, 34–35
dog vaccinations, 231
milk quality reform, 193–96, 201, 207
polar bears, 255–56, 257, 260–62, 263, 268, 271
rabies control, 224, 227, 228–29
Medical Liberty League, 169
memorialization of animals, 42–48, 318
men’s participation in animal welfare movement, 96, 100–101, 105–6
Metis communities, rabies threat, 228
military and horses, 65, 76, 157, 163
milk
and children’s welfare, 201–2, 206–8
contamination of, 191–92, 198–200, 204–6
global consumption of, 190
politics of, 189, 209–10
Milk Commission (1909), 199, 206, 208
milk depots, 191, 207–8
Miller, Everett, 158
millinery industry, destruction of birds in, 104
Miltenberger, Scott, 3
Miner, Ray, 125
Moby Doll (killer whale), 291–94, 300
Montreal Canadian Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (CSPCA), 90, 93–96, 97–98, 101
Montreal Cowpox Institute, 167
Montreal, QC
accommodation of animals, 57, 66–71, 72, 311–12
anti-vaccination protests, 167
environmental historians on, 15
horse disease outbreaks, 78
horse markets, 76
horsey trades, 58–66, 73
medical sciences, 74–75
Montreal Veterinary College (MVC), 76–77, 93
Mooallem, Jon, 257
moral reform movements, 90, 98, 99, 107, 221
Mortimer-Sandilands, Catriona, 5
Morton, Osborn, 76
Mosby, Ian, 15
motherhood practices, 189, 201–2, 207, 208–9
Mothers’ Milk Project, 211
Mowat, Farley, 291, 299
Mulhern family (of Montreal), 72
Museum of Economic Fish Culture (London), 117
museums. See also Canadian Fisheries Museum
cultural and natural, 13, 31, 40, 42, 274
humans on display in, 33–34
standards of credibility, 125–26, 129–30, 131
N
Nagy, Kelsi, 9
Namu (killer whale), 294
Nance, Susan, 8
narwhals, captured, 298
National Council of Women, 97, 99, 100, 101
National Gallery of Canada, 3, 131
National Geographic, on polar bears, 261, 263–64
national parks. See also Banff National Park
domestic animals in, 220–21, 233–34, 235
ecological transformations, 243
human interactions with, 256, 262
rabies control programs, 230, 231–32, 234–35
wildlife management and protection in, 146, 244
native peoples. See Indigenous peoples
“Natsilane” (Tlingit story), 290
Natural Habitat Adventures, 273
Neptune Arctic expedition, 128
Nestlé formula marketing, 190
neurasthenia, 204
Never Cry Wolf (Mowat), 291
New Brunswick
fishery exhibit, 128
pasteurization regulations, 197
New Brunswick Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (NBSPCA), 98
New England Vaccine Company, 167
New Westminster fishery exhibit, 128
New York Health Department
milk inspections, 209
serum horse stables, 174
New York Herald, on serum production, 174, 175
Newcastle, ON fish hatchery, 119–20
Newman, Murray, 291, 292, 293, 296, 297, 299, 301, 304
Nibert, David, 6
Nicolaier, Arthur, 160
Nightingale, John, 304
Nixon, Inspector (of Hamilton), 196
North to Hudson Bay (film), 258
Norway rat campaign, 15, 224, 316
Notre Dame Church bell raising, 62
Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty (SPC), 98
nuclear testing protests, 286, 298
Nussbaum, Martha, 6
nutritional studies of workhorses, 75
O
O’Brien, Bartholomew, 66–67, 71
Olson, Sherry, 16, 17, 18, 309
One Medicine concept, 80
Ontario
Milk Act, 193
rabies crisis, 219, 224
serum farms, 163, 167
Ontario Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA), 97
Ontario Vaccine Farm, 167
Ontario Veterinary College, 163
OrcaLab, 297
orcas. See killer whales
Orientalism, in circus entertainments, 35
Osler, William, 74–75
Ottawa Humane Society, 100
Ottawa, ON
dairy laws, 193
museums, 123–24
tetanus risks in, 155–56, 161
typhoid epidemic, 129
Ottawa River water treatment, 129
P
parasites, 71, 75, 77
Park, William H., 162
passenger transportation, 62, 65, 66, 75
Pasteur, Louis, 222
Pasteur Treatment for rabies, 163, 223–24
pasteurization of milk, 208
patriotism, breastfeeding and cow’s milk as, 208
Peace River, AB, stray dog cull, 230
Peacock, Inspector (of Hamilton), 196
Pearson, Chris, 8
Perry, Evan, 199
Perry, Mark, 293, 294, 297
pet keeping, 10, 320
Philo, Chris, 7, 14
photography
in antitoxin campaigns, 156, 170, 173, 174–77
as entertainment, 12–13, 256, 268–71, 275
“Pickering Ox” display, 120
Pilot (elephant), 36
Piper, Liza, 16
poisonings
of dogs, 239
for wildlife culls, 227, 228, 230, 241, 242
Polar Bear Alert (film), 263–64, 268
Polar Bear Alert Program, 264–68
polar bears
in Churchill, 255–56, 259–68
climate change and, 274
Inuit and, 258
as tourist attraction, 268–72, 275
police horses, 57, 71
Poliquin, Rachel, 17, 317
Porter Airlines, 318
predators, peoples’ perceptions of, 242–43, 288, 290–91, 293
Preece, Robert, 5
preservation of animal bodies. See also taxidermy
fish in alcohol, 125
Price Farm (Ontario), 207
Prince, Edward, 116, 126–27
Prolacta Bioscience breast milk, 210
Puar, Jasbir K., 5
public health reform
on cow care, 194
on milk and breastfeeding, 190–92, 204–5, 206–9
Puget Sound, 285, 294, 297, 298
Pure Milk League, 207
Q
quarantines, 77, 225, 227
R
rabbits
laboratory uses of, 160, 162, 222
as prey, 261
rabies
control measures, 162, 225–30, 234–35, 242–43
symptoms and spread, 219–20, 221–23
treatments for, 163, 224
urban risks, 238, 244
raccoons, 149, 244, 317–19
racehorses, 78
racialization
and animalization, 30, 49
of breastfeeding mothers, 191–92
of Jumbo, 17, 35
in milk quality reform, 198, 199, 202
and pandemics, 16
racism, scientific, 36
Raiders of the Lost Ark (film), 46
Railway City Dead Elephant Pale Ale, 49
railways, 44, 61–62, 64, 81, 162
Rangarajan, Mahesh, 8
rat control campaigns, 15, 224, 316
Rattone, Giorgio, 160
rays, taxidermy of, 124–25
RCMP. See Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
“Re-Wilding of the City” (exhibit), 13
Regan, Tom, 6
Reid, Bill, 302
Reiter, Ester, 15
Ricketts, John B., 34
Ritchie, Lady Sarah, 100
Ritvo, Harriet, 4, 5, 203
Robbins, George, 48
Robbins, Louise, 8
Roberts, James, 206
Roberts, William, 197
Robertson, J. Ross, 208
Roche, Daniel, 58
Rockefeller, John D., 198
Rosenau, Milton, 199
Rossi, Michael, 125
Rothfels, Nigel, 5, 8
Rowley, John, 124, 125
Rowlinson, Peter, 211
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), 13–14, 230, 231, 239
Royal Ontario Museum fisheries gallery, 134
Ruddick, J.A., 200
Rutty, Christopher, 224
Ryall, Dr. (of Hamilton), 197
Ryan, Arthur, 72
S
Sabloff, Anna, 13
St. Lawrence River, 62, 63, 311
St. Louis antitoxin disaster, 168
St. Thomas, Ontario, 29, 37, 40–42, 43–48, 49
Saint John, NB, fishery exhibit, 128
Salish Sea, 287, 290
salmon, 117–18, 119, 120, 121, 287, 290
sanitary reform, 191, 193–97, 209, 225
Saskatchewan Department of Agriculture, 197
Saunders, Margaret Marshall, 93
“Save the Whales” campaign, 288, 299
scavengers, 149, 262
science
animal research, 121, 162–65, 293–94, 295–97
in animal turn, 7
government expertise in, 126–27, 227
imperialistic use of, 198
Indigenous knowledge of, 12
and mothering practices, 191, 203–5
Scientific American, on serum production, 174
scientific racism, 36
Scott, Matthew, 32–33, 35, 36, 38
Scott, T.H., 39
Sea World (San Diego), 286, 289, 294, 300–301, 303, 304
Sealand of the Pacific, 287, 297, 300
Seattle Marine Aquarium, 285, 287, 294, 297–98, 304
Seattle Park Board, 148
serum production farms, 163–65, 166–67, 168, 169–77
Sethna, Christabelle, 5, 17, 92, 315
Shamu (killer whale), 289, 294
Shaw, David Gary, 7
Sheard, Charles, 167
Shedden, John, 65–66
Shibasaburo Kitasato, 162
Shorthorn cows, 202
Shufeldt, R.W., 126
Shukin, Nicole, 5
Silent Spring (Carson), 192, 291
Singer, Peter, 6, 7
Skana (killer whale), 285–86, 289, 292, 294, 295–97, 300, 301
skunks, 226–27, 244
slavery, parallels to animal capture, 30, 32
sled dogs, 13–14, 219, 222, 226, 230, 249n46, 261
smallpox vaccination concerns, 167
Smith, Goldwin, 101
Smith, Horace, 42
Smith, Len, 270
Smithsonian Institution, donations of animal specimens to, 40
social status, animal vs human, 93
Sorenson, John, 6
Sorg, Annelise, 302, 303, 304
South Africa dairy and meat reports, 198
souvenirs, 39–44, 270–71
Soviet whaling fleet, 300
SPCA. See Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)
species studies, 29
Spong, Paul, 295–97, 299–300
sport fishing, 290
Squamish (people), 321
squirrels, 316–17
stables
dairy, 193–96, 199–200
urban horse, 65–66, 70–71, 72, 78
Stanley Park
beaver management, 139, 144, 149–53
as natural space, 287, 288, 301
Park Board, 141–42, 143, 145, 148, 257, 291, 304
as protest venue, 294, 299
squirrels in, 317
Stanley Park Zoo, 147–48, 302, 303
Stollery, Robert, 45, 47, 48
Stowe, Irving, 298
Straus, Nathan, 208
stray animal controls, 162, 225–26, 227, 230, 231, 237–38
Struzik, Edward, 257, 261, 273
swill milk, 193, 196
Sydenham, Charles Poulett Thomson, Lord, 157
Sydney Herald, on tetanus horses, 170
synanthropes, 316–19, 320
synurbanization, 13
T
Talon (tetanus victim), 158
Tambo (circus boy), 37
Tarr, Joel, 58, 67, 162
Tarry, Doug, 44–45, 46, 48
taxidermy
of fish, 120, 124–26, 131–32
of Jumbo, 40, 42
Taylor, Joseph, 115
tetanus, 155–61, 163, 169–78
Thom, Robert A., 174
Thomas, Keith, 4
Thompson, Frances M.L., 58
Thornton, Patricia, 16
THS. See Toronto Humane Society (THS)
Tisdale, David, 102–3, 104, 105
Tlingit and killer whales, 290
Tom Thumb (elephant), 38
Toronto Humane Society (THS), 88, 91, 99–100, 102, 105–6
Toronto Industrial Exhibition displays, 117–18, 119, 120, 132–33
Toronto, ON
animals in, 15, 161, 225, 312, 314, 317–19
anti-vaccination protests, 167, 168
dairy regulations, 191, 193, 197, 207
Toronto Star
animal stories, 12
antitoxin and vaccination stories, 169, 171, 175
tourism
economic value, 17, 286, 288
and Indigenous influences, 273–74
rabies control and, 225, 232, 233–34, 238
wildlife experiences, 255, 256, 258–59, 262, 268–72, 274–75
toxicity, in milk, 192
trade
in horses, 76, 77
in wildlife, 30, 31, 49, 145–46, 148, 294, 298
transnationalism
of animal exchanges, 8–9
of dairy industry, 202
of milk quality reform, 190, 198, 208
transspecies urban theory, 14
trap-shooting prohibition debates, 102, 104
trapping, 149, 222, 226–27, 237–38, 265, 266
treatment of animals. See also animal welfare movements
parallels with slavery, 32
trophy hunting, 30, 40–41
trout, in aquarium display, 119
tuberculin testing, 200
Tucker Jones, Ryan, 8
Tufts University, donations of animal specimens to, 40, 42
Tundra Buggies, 269, 270, 271
Tung Jen/Hyak (killer whale), 296, 300, 301, 303
Turner, James, 4
U
Underground Railway, 37
United States
animal welfare movement, 87
dog vaccinations, 224
killer whale captures, 300–301
milk quality reform, 190, 198–99, 208
serum production, 167, 168, 174, 176
species at risk classifications, 274
tetanus fatality rates, 159
wildlife depopulation programs, 226
University of British Columbia killer whale research, 295–97
University of Toronto
antitoxin production, 169, 171–72
immunology science at, 162
urban design, influence of animals in, 17, 57, 67–71, 80–81, 310–14
urban reforms
public health, 190–92, 194, 204–5, 206–9
sanitary, 191, 193–97, 209, 225
urban spaces. See also polar bears; urban design
animal-human accommodations in, 1–2, 8–9, 12–16, 90, 149, 243, 257, 287
disease threats in, 228, 230, 244
US Army Air Corps, 258
V
vaccine farms, 166–67
vaccines and vaccinations
dual role of horses, 80
public concerns about, 167–69
rabies, 222, 224, 225, 232
sled dog program, 226
Valenze, Deborah, 211
Vancouver Aquarium
anti-whaling endorsements, 288–89, 299–300
killer whales in, 285–86, 287, 291, 293–94, 295–97, 298, 301–5
Vancouver, BC
anti-whaling support, 300
countercultural activities in, 286, 294, 296
EXPO ’86, 301–2
fishery exhibits, 134
founding of, 141
killer whale holding, 292–93
whale and dolphin bylaw, 304
Vancouver Boat, Trailer, and Sport Show, 285, 293
Vancouver Exhibition
fishery exhibit, 128–29
request for beavers, 148
Vancouver, George, 141
Vancouver Humane Society, 302
Velten, Helen, 9
Verneuil, Aristide, 160–61
veterinary medicine
rabies control, 227, 230, 231
studies and profession, 74, 75, 76–77, 80
Victoria Bridge construction, 63
Victoria Memorial Museum, 130–31, 133
Victorian Order of Nurses, 208
vivisection historians, 15
von Behring, Emil Adolf, 162
W
W. Harris & Co., 312–14
Walter the Whale. See Skana
Ward, Henry, 40
wardens
Rocky Mountain parks, 231, 232, 234, 235–42, 243
Stanley Park, 150, 151, 153
wars, and disease risks, 76, 157, 163
Washington State, opposition to whale captures, 300
waste
dead animal disposal, 311
manure, 66–67, 159, 161–62
Wawa, ON monument, 45
Weil, Kari, 6
Wells, K.F., 220
Wentworth Dairy, 193, 194
West Nile virus, 244
Whale for the Killing, A (Mowat), 299
whale shows, 118, 285–86, 287, 289, 301–2, 304
whales. See also killer whales
as agents of history, 8
skeletons in museums, 132, 134
symbolism of, 287, 299, 300
whaling industry, 290, 299. See also anti-whaling campaigns
Whalley, M.E., 205–6
Whitcher, W.F., 122–23
White, Don, 295
Whitley, Charles F., 199–200
Wilbert, Chris, 7
wildlife. See also beavers; polar bears
in Canadian identity, 1–2, 10–11
depopulation of, 226–27, 234–35
domestic animals and, 235, 237, 238, 240
rabies pools in, 220, 228–30
tourism economy and, 257
in urban spaces, 9, 12–13, 243–44, 263–68, 275, 316–19
Willis, M.G., 159
Wilmot, Samuel, 115–16, 117–18, 119–20, 121, 123, 126, 134
Wilson, W.A., 197
Winnie the Pooh, 10
Winnipeg Humane Society, 100
Winnipeg, MB, 15, 145
Wolch, Jennifer, 14
Wolfe, Cary, 5
wolves, 8, 220, 222, 223, 226–27, 228, 235, 242
women
in animal welfare, 17, 87–89, 92–93, 95–101, 102–4, 106–8
motherhood practices, 189, 201–2, 207, 208–9
Women in Canada (1900), 101
Women’s Humane Society (Ottawa), 100
Wood Buffalo National Park, 146
workhorses, 4, 58, 61–67, 71, 74–75, 75–76, 161–62
Workman, William, 96
Wray, Joseph, 73
Wright, Bob, 297
Y
Yalom, Marilyn, 191
Yellowstone National Park, 262
Yoho National Park, 220, 231–32, 234–35, 236, 240
Z
Zelko, Frank, 288, 294
Zheng, JingJing, 15
zoonotic diseases, 78, 155–56, 244, 320
zoos. See also London Zoo; Stanley Park Zoo
demands for animals, 30, 145, 146–47
elephants in, 31, 32
raccoons in, 317
significance of, 3