Index

A

• Access to justice, 363, 421-22, 432, 439

• African Commission on Human and Peoples Rights, 53

• Afro-Colombian, 18, 612, 616, 621

• Afro-Ecuadorian, 70

• Alal, 5, 164-65, 170, 172, 176, 179, 185, 194

• Alto Cauca, 18, 605-06, 623, 631-32, 634, 639, 641, 643

• Alto Wangki, 71, 190

• Amahuaca, 96

• Amazon, 16, 69-70, 74, 76, 157, 451, 460, 465, 467, 469, 473-74, 478, 480-82, 584, 586-87, 598-99, 696, 708

• American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 41, 419, 421, 440

• Ancestral lands, 70, 165, 328, 345, 346, 349, 351, 528, 530, 615, 629

• Ancestral territory, 114, 328, 390, 402, 460, 588, 612, 618, 622

• Andrés Manuel López Obrador, 268, 274, 298, 321, 521, 540

• Argentina, 3, 11, 61, 195-196, 198-99, 201-06, 208-13, 215-18, 242, 389, 438, 463, 574, 698, 700

• Autonomous assembly, 556

• Autonomous Regional Councils, 167, 178

• Autonomous statute, 411, 556

• Autonomous Territorial Government, 585, 592, 594-95

• Awajún, 585-88

• Awas Tingni, 423, 440, 451

• Ayllu, 6, 15, 132-33, 135, 390, 393, 400, 404-06, 411, 413, 415, 425, 499, 516

• Aymara, 17, 70, 162, 391-92, 399, 405, 408-09, 411-12, 429-30, 432, 441, 488-89, 491, 501-02, 509, 511-12, 522, 549-50, 559, 566, 579, 698

B

• Bariloche, 198-99, 204-08, 210, 216-17

• Boaventura de Sousa Santos, 23, 472

• Bolivia, 3, 5-10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 44, 58, 61, 63, 68-69, 73-74, 76, 80, 82, 86, 89, 93, 95-96, 102-04, 123-26, 128-31, 135-43, 146-50, 152-54, 156-63, 286, 308, 388-92, 395, 397-98, 402-03, 405-06, 408-11, 413-17, 424, 438, 440, 448, 452, 477, 479, 485-86, 488, 492, 494, 497, 505, 509, 511-12, 514, 516-18, 520, 549-50, 552-54, 558-59, 562-63, 572, 581-84, 593, 668-69, 671, 672-73, 677-79, 680, 683, 685-90, 692, 695-96, 698, 700, 702, 710

• Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, 165, 189

• Brazil, 3, 61, 75, 81, 145, 438, 524, 558

C

• Caldas, 18, 605-06, 634, 636, 643

• Canada, 7, 3, 9, 19, 45, 52, 54-55, 308, 539, 631, 668-69, 671-73, 676-78, 680-81, 683-87, 689, 691, 693-94, 698, 710

• Cayambe, 16, 451, 454, 457, 471, 476, 478, 480

• Chaco, 74-76, 80, 82, 150, 157, 548, 550, 552, 561-62, 581

• Charagua, 7, 15, 18, 125, 129, 131, 145, 152-53, 157, 160, 390, 400, 548-51, 553-54, 556-65, 567, 569-71, 573-76, 578-81, 583, 686, 692

• Charco la Pava, 87

• Chiapas, 6, 13, 70, 74, 80, 82, 259-64, 266-67, 269-70, 274, 277, 278-82, 284, 286-88, 301, 328, 361, 380, 384, 405, 417, 480, 520-21, 526, 536-37, 539, 542-46, 549, 643-65, 696

• Chile, 5, 3, 8, 11, 15, 24, 61, 96, 194-96, 203, 206, 208-10, 214, 217, 222-23, 225-31, 233, 234, 236-39, 241-45, 247-49, 250-62, 286, 419-20, 425, 428-29, 434, 437-39, 441, 444, 446, 449, 452, 696, 698, 703-04

• Chubut, 194, 196, 203, 207, 210, 217

• Chuquisaca, 76, 129-30, 132, 134-35, 144, 388, 395-96, 512, 520, 561, 579

• Citizenship, 24, 29-30, 305, 321, 384, 417, 638, 675-76, 687, 691-92, 696

• Coica, 478

• Collective action, 2, 189, 265, 451, 509, 554, 670

• Collective property, 66-69, 106, 116, 460, 632

• Colombia, 7, 3, 26, 44, 58, 61, 63, 68-69, 74, 77, 80, 83, 85-86, 88-89, 91, 93, 96, 100, 102-03, 202, 251, 286, 328-29, 333-45, 348, 421, 438, 439, 444, 448, 450-51, 477, 481, 520, 524, 539, 541, 593, 604, 607-09, 612, 614, 616-17, 620-21, 626-36, 638-42, 667, 696

• Colonial structures, 530, 542

• Colonization, 175-76, 186, 460, 463, 468, 533, 539, 558, 560, 586-87, 595-96, 657

• Comarca, 14, 102, 330-31, 337, 342, 350-51, 353, 702

• Commodities, 469, 473

• Communal lands, 61, 70, 169, 172, 181, 290, 453, 529, 660

• Community Lands of Origin (TCOs), 106

• CONADI, 239

• CONAMAQ, 140, 143-45, 148, 157, 159, 391, 489, 492, 512, 516

• CONAMI, 14, 354-55, 357-63, 366-70, 372-82, 388, 700

• Cóndor Mountains, 588

• Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas del Oriente Boliviano CIDOB, 140, 143, 144-45, 148, 159, 492

• Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador (CONAIE), 682

• CONFENIAE, 465-66, 478

• Constituent Assembly, 13, 106, 157, 292-99, 304-05, 307, 310, 315-17, 319, 322, 392, 394, 411, 469, 485-88, 555, 702

• Constitutional reforms, 8, 450, 542, 593, 676

• Constitutionalism, 19, 472, 494, 566, 653, 655, 683

• Consuelo Sánchez, 6, 13, 292, 322, 701

• Consultation processes, 84-89

• Coordinadora Arauco Malleco, 209

• COVID-19, 20, 146, 213, 222, 280, 349, 351, 541, 625, 702

• Cross-border, 113

• CTT, Consejo de Todas las Tierras, 232, 248

• Cultural Heritage, 334, 702

• Cultural integrity, 42

D

• Decolonization, 144, 485, 487-88, 512, 664, 668-69, 702

• Deforestation, 75, 188

• Demarcation Law, 112, 171, 398-99, 402

• Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), 294

• Díaz Polanco, Héctor, 293, 301, 321, 324, 642, 665, 672

• Discrimination, 10, 33, 35, 40, 43-44, 50, 55, 87, 211, 222, 301, 307, 357-58, 363, 366-67, 401, 425, 436, 439, 470, 487, 496-99, 501, 512, 539, 611, 620, 682

• Displaced, 72, 166-67, 171, 176, 264, 280, 527, 559

• Displacement, 65, 72, 78-83, 89, 93-94, 176, 179, 186, 369, 401, 533, 560, 572, 633

• Dispossession, 2, 3, 93, 183, 186, 216, 354, 356, 362-63, 390, 523, 525, 527, 530, 532-33, 535-38, 542, 609, 625, 629

• Domestic Violence, 431

E

• Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC, 593

• Ecuador, 3, 6, 8, 16, 18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 58, 61, 63, 69-71, 74, 78, 80, 82, 85-86, 89, 93, 95-96, 98, 100, 102-03, 202, 257, 286, 403, 420, 423, 434-35, 438, 440, 443, 448, 450-54, 460, 464, 468, 473-82, 516, 584, 586-87, 593, 598, 668-69, 671-73, 677-78, 682-83, 685-87, 689-93, 695-96, 698, 708, 710

• El Salvador, 3, 61, 180, 438

• Embera, 80, 604, 605, 608-09, 613, 619, 636

• Enrique Dussel, 321

• Environment, 76, 123, 321, 476, 481-82, 593, 681

• Evo Morales, 106, 128, 136, 143, 159, 161-62, 408-10, 486, 564, 573, 677-78, 689

• Extractive frontier, 5, 172

• Extractivism, 18, 149-50, 395, 476, 585, 682, 708

  F

• Felipe Calderón, 524, 644

• Female, 46, 184, 211, 272, 355, 357, 360, 370, 375, 405, 411, 454, 487, 491, 497-501, 508, 572

• Feminism, 15, 357-58, 380, 509

• First Nations, 241, 539, 683-85, 689, 691

• Food sovereignty, 362, 457

• Framework Law on Autonomy and Decentralization (LMAD), 104

• Free determination, 137, 200-01, 591

G

• García Linera, 548, 574, 578, 582, 670

• Gender, 14-17, 21, 168, 181-84, 187, 189, 206, 211, 222, 230, 234, 239, 250, 266, 273, 275, 296, 298-99, 354-60, 364-66, 368-70, 375-80, 389, 405, 486-88, 496, 497-500, 503, 508-12, 569-72, 580, 595, 605, 618, 696-700

• Guarani, 412

• Guatemala, 3, 61, 63, 70-72, 74, 78, 80, 83, 86, 89, 91, 93, 98, 100, 102-03, 180, 438, 440, 446-47, 450-51, 520, 545, 667, 691-92

• Guluche, 215

• Gulumapu, 194-96, 203, 206, 210, 214-15

• Guna people, 14, 328, 330-33, 341-42, 345, 348

• Gunayala, 14, 70, 329-33, 336-39, 342-46, 348, 350-53, 702

H

• Health, 20, 46, 110, 207-08, 222, 225, 245, 300, 309, 337-40, 344-45, 349, 362-63, 369, 378, 403, 453, 462, 464, 466, 470-71, 497, 500-02, 522, 587, 594-95, 615, 632, 659, 700, 702, 708

• Honduras, 3, 61, 180

• Housing, 213, 300, 309, 343, 454, 475

I

• Identification, 390, 398

• ILO Convention, 24, 40-41, 66, 112, 123, 242-43, 267, 269, 302-03, 315, 319, 346, 392, 421, 425, 438-40, 443, 588, 591, 598-99, 616, 653, 655, 687

• INCODER, 77

• Indigenous Autonomies, 6, 29, 390, 401, 486, 514

• Indigenous First Peoples Peasant autonomies, 395

• Indigenous governance, 142, 588, 668, 673-74, 677, 685-86

• Indigenous government, 111, 290, 489, 503, 642, 659

• Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), 294

• Inter-American Convention, 616

• Inter-American Court of Human Rights (I/A Court H.R.), 422

• Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR), 64, 170, 346

• intercultural, 428

• Intercultural, 69, 104-06, 147, 161, 198-99, 242, 266, 284, 292, 349, 365, 378, 382, 400, 406, 417, 421, 428, 440, 448, 450, 468, 471-73, 516, 520, 548, 565, 597, 669, 678, 683, 696, 702

• Intercultural Bilingual Education, 344

• Interculturality, 198-99, 436, 683

• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 42, 421

• International Work Groups for Indigenous Affairs, IWGIA, 27

• Isiboro Sécure Indigenous Territory and National Park (Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure — TIPNIS), 139

J

• James Anaya, 6, 23, 64, 421

K

• Kayambi people, 450, 451, 455-58, 467, 471, 474

• Kichwa, 16, 69, 86, 98, 423, 440, 450-53, 457, 460-67, 471, 473-75, 481

• Kirchner, 216

• Kuna Yala, 329, 334, 350-51, 353

L

• Lafken, 207-08, 212

• Legal pluralism, 15, 111, 262, 397, 420, 424, 426-28, 433-34, 437, 702

• Legal protection, 703

M

• Madidi National Park, 76

• Mallku, 512

• Mapuche, 5, 11,194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201-18, 222-23, 226-27, 230, 232, 235-37, 240, 242-47, 249, 251, 253-54, 429, 431, 433-34, 441-42, 444, 446, 700, 703

• Mapuche autonomy, 194, 203, 209, 244

• Mapuche Parliament, 205-07, 212

• Mauricio Macri, 197, 216

• Mayangna Nation, 176-77, 179, 185

• Mexico, 3-4, 6-7, 13-14, 17, 19, 44, 62-63, 70-71, 74, 78-80, 82, 85-86, 89, 93, 103, 264-66, 276, 278, 282, 290, 292-316, 318-22, 354-55, 358-59, 361-64, 367-73, 375, 380-82, 388, 405, 438-40, 511, 523-24, 526-27, 535, 537-43, 547, 598, 600, 631, 642-45, 650, 653, 657, 664, 667, 689, 700, 702, 704, 708

• Mexico City, 6, 13, 278, 282, 290, 292-11, 314-16, 318-22, 354, 362, 364, 372, 381, 388, 527, 643, 664, 700, 702

• Michelle Bachelet, 226, 248, 253

• Military, 11, 80, 82, 146, 167, 172, 188, 204-05, 216-18, 226, 228, 233-34, 242, 244, 247, 330, 377, 442, 452, 461, 524, 541-42

• Mining activities, 110, 474, 617, 622

• Mining companies, 402, 531, 534, 609, 624

• Mining Law, 400, 525

• Miskito, 193

• MISURASATA, 167-68, 188, 193

• Multiculturalism, 26, 545-47, 638, 691

N

• National Action Party (PAN), 294

• National Institute of Indigenous Peoples (INPI), 373, 540

• Neoliberal, 26, 29, 476, 547, 618, 639, 692, 710

• Nicaragua, 3, 10, 26, 44, 58, 62-63, 70-71, 74, 78-79, 81-83, 87-89, 91, 93, 97-100, 103, 164-67, 175-76, 179-80, 185, 188-95, 218, 308, 341, 438, 440, 451, 698, 701

O

• Oaxaca, 70, 80, 83, 86, 261-62, 269, 277, 282, 284, 286-88, 290, 359, 361, 372, 380, 382, 520, 524-27, 542, 545, 547, 643, 654, 657, 664-65, 689

• Oil companies, 200, 483

• Organization of American States (OAS), 64

• Oruro, 129, 131, 133-35, 396, 404, 486, 505-07, 511-12, 560

P

• PAKKIRU Pastaza Kikin Kichwa Runakuna, 16, 451, 460

• Panama, 6, 3, 13-14, 58, 62-63, 70-71, 73, 75-76, 81-82, 87, 89, 91, 93-94, 103, 328-30, 333, 339, 341, 343, 345-47, 349, 438-39, 702

• Paraguay, 62-63, 68, 70, 75, 78, 81-83, 87, 89, 93, 103, 105, 438, 477, 558

• Participation, 2, 4, 47, 53, 62, 107, 119-21, 151, 167-68, 174-75, 202, 206, 214, 222, 226, 240-42, 246, 249-50, 263, 268, 295, 297, 302, 308, 310-11, 316, 321, 334, 338, 356-57, 360, 364, 366, 368-69, 372-73, 379, 381, 390, 393, 395-96, 400-402, 404-06, 410, 454-56, 464, 487, 489, 492, 494-95, 497, 501, 508, 510, 513, 531, 534, 538, 540, 542, 563, 567, 569, 572, 583, 589, 612, 616, 631-33, 655-57, 661-62, 669-72, 67-77, 679, 681, 698, 702

• Pastaza, 16, 450-51, 460-62, 464-67, 470-71, 473, 474-76, 481

• Peasants, 67, 69, 72-73, 75, 77, 171-72, 176, 182, 392, 480

• Peru, 3, 18, 44, 62-63, 70-71, 75, 78, 79, 81-82, 85, 87-89, 93-94, 103, 420, 424, 434-35, 438, 518-19, 584-87, 590-91, 593, 597-98, 600, 698, 708

• Piñera Sebastián, 233, 235, 247, 249, 250, 253, 260-61

• Plurinational, 3, 8, 10, 15, 17, 137, 148, 150, 153, 156-57, 194, 203, 214, 223, 226, 230, 237, 243, 246, 410, 450, 458, 468, 472-73, 512, 554, 564, 581, 682

• Plurinational Constitution, 410

• Plurinationality, 104, 111, 121, 201-03, 226, 232, 470, 472-74, 683

• Political rights, 7, 36, 194-95, 200, 203-04, 226, 240, 243, 246, 260, 291-92, 361, 591, 655, 681

• Popular Participation Law, 558, 561-62, 567

• Pwelmapu, 5, 194-96, 199, 201, 203, 206, 209-10, 213-15, 218

Q

• Qhara Qhara Nation, 6, 15, 388-90, 395-97, 399, 402, 404-06, 408-11, 413

R

• RACCN, 191

• Racism, 2, 9, 12, 155-56, 187, 242, 358, 363, 368, 470, 497, 500, 512, 532, 535, 549, 560, 564, 585, 611

• Rafael Correa, 465, 683, 687

• Rama-Kriol, 174, 182-83, 192

• Regional autonomy regime, 164, 167

• Regression of rights, 164, 179

• Relocation, 83, 92-93, 169, 622

• Reparation, 49, 116

• Restitution, 2, 10, 179, 187, 390, 402, 489, 538

• Right to autonomy, 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 20, 43-44, 46, 48, 137, 150, 299, 308, 322, 440, 450, 460, 520, 528, 540, 542, 674

• Right to be consulted, 50, 84, 299

• Right to land, 68, 71-72, 106, 346, 360, 394

• Río Negro, 194-98, 201-02, 204-08, 210, 212, 214-16

• Rodolfo Stavenhagen, 58, 64, 439, 441, 444, 448

• Rural municipalities, 136, 148, 153

S

• San Blas Reserve, 329

• Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), 166

• Santa Cruz, 129, 131-34, 414, 550, 561, 574, 578-79, 649, 698, 700

• Saramaka, 423, 440

• Sarayaku, 85-86, 98, 423, 440, 452, 463-65, 471, 476, 481

• Self-affirmation, 4, 442

• Self-determination, 1-3, 5-6, 8-13, 15-16, 18, 20-23, 31-34, 36, 38-40, 42-47, 49-53, 58-61, 67, 90, 104, 111, 114, 150, 166, 168, 194, 198, 201, 210, 222, 226-27, 236, 240, 247, 260-61, 266-67, 299, 301-03, 306-08, 313, 318-20, 330, 335, 348-49, 356, 388-90, 395, 398, 401, 403-04, 406, 409-11, 420-21, 424-25, 437, 440, 453, 462, 465, 468, 475, 485-86, 492, 494, 500, 504-05, 509, 511, 513-14, 520-21, 525, 527-29, 535-36, 539-42, 554-55, 557, 590-93, 599, 611, 617, 620, 632, 655, 668, 672, 677, 679, 686, 704, 708

• Shiwiar, 69, 460, 465

• Shuar, 69, 80, 86, 469, 585

• Sinaloa, 80, 83

• Social Development, 321, 390, 700

• Social movements, 2, 106, 211, 223, 230, 260, 291, 297, 427, 472, 487, 492

• Subcomandante Marcos, 301

• SUKAWALA (Sumu Kalpapakna Wahaini Lani, 177

• Sumak Kawsay, 462, 687, 695

T

• Territorial conflicts, 74

• Territories and resources, 33-34, 45, 48, 51-52, 55

• Totora Marka, 7, 17, 404, 486, 489-94, 496-98, 504-05, 507-09, 511, 516, 520

• Tourism, 175, 339-41, 345, 530, 541

• Transculturation, 343

U

• UN Special Rapporteur on Indigenous Peoples Rights, 616

• United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 5, 41, 162, 302, 306, 315, 419, 421, 440, 475, 585, 616, 655, 672, 692

• United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, 593, 708

• United States, 3, 46, 452, 519

V

• Venezuela, 62-63, 68, 70-71, 75, 78-79, 81, 83, 87, 89, 93, 96, 100, 102-03, 261, 438, 479, 690

• Veracruz, 70, 80, 83, 367, 382, 532, 535

• Victoria Tauli Corpuz, 6, 616

W

• Wallmapu, 195-96, 203, 254

• Wampis, 601-02

• Warao, 81

• Warrior, 211, 558, 585

• Water, 45, 110, 136, 139, 144, 213, 225, 248, 283, 298-300, 343, 401, 403, 428-29, 432-33, 441-42, 454-55, 457-59, 462, 468, 471, 480, 531, 534, 565, 595-96, 598-99, 615

• Women’s participation, 347

Y

• Yanomani, 75

• Yoreme, 520, 534

• Yura, 6, 15, 132, 388-93, 400, 402-11, 413, 415-16

Z

• Zapatista communities, 27, 521-22, 524, 538, 542

• Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN), 259, 521