Skip to main content

The Multiverse: Bibliography

The Multiverse
Bibliography
  • Show the following:

    Annotations
    Resources
  • Adjust appearance:

    Font
    Font style
    Color Scheme
    Light
    Dark
    Annotation contrast
    Low
    High
    Margins
  • Search within:
    • My Notes + Comments
    • Notifications
    • Privacy
  • Project HomeThe Multiverse
  • Projects
  • Learn more about Manifold

Notes

table of contents
  1. Half Title Page
  2. Series Page
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Dedication
  6. Contents
  7. Annotated Contents
  8. Preface
  9. 1 Introduction
    1. 1. The Plan: Three Multiverse Proposals
    2. 2. What Do I Believe?
    3. 3. What Should You Believe?
    4. 4. What Would You Risk? Confidence vs. Caution
    5. 5. Beware the Beguiling Power of Words
    6. 6. Can We Be Sure That We Are in the Same Universe?
    7. 7. Notes and Further Reading
  10. 2 Physics and Philosophy from 1600 to 1900
    1. 1. The Tradition of Natural Philosophy
    2. 2. The Mechanical Philosophy
    3. 3. Newton’s Theory of Gravity: Unbelievable?
    4. 4. Optimism about Understanding Nature: “We Will Soon Deduce the Effect from the Cause”
    5. 5. Lowering Our Sights: Hume
    6. 6. Newton Again
    7. 7. Logic in the Doldrums—and Its Revival
    8. 8. Houses Built on Sand—and How to Repair Them
    9. 9. Notes and Further Reading
  11. 3 All the Logically Possible Worlds
    1. 1. The Legacy of Logicism: The Endeavour of Reduction
    2. 2. Logic as a Toolbox of Formal Systems: Modal Logics
    3. 3. Up to Our Necks in Modality
    4. 4. A Philosopher’s Paradise
    5. 5. Paradise, Part I: Intensional Semantics
    6. 6. Paradise, Part II: Modality and Laws of Nature
    7. 7. Paradise, Part III: Counterfactual Conditionals
    8. 8. Paradise, Part IV: Supervenience: Materialism, Physicalism, and Determinism
    9. 9. Existential Angst: What Are Possible Worlds?
    10. 10. Lewis’ Modal Realism
    11. 11. Notes and Further Reading
  12. 4 All the Worlds Encoded in the Quantum State of the Cosmos
    1. 1. What Is Matter? From Lumps in the Void to Fields
    2. 2. The Quantum State: Probabilities for Classical Alternatives
    3. 3. Amplitudes and Quantum Fields
    4. 4. The Measurement Problem: Schrödinger’s Cat
    5. 5. Solving the Problem: The Usual Suspects
    6. 6. Everett’s Proposal: A Bluff?
    7. 7. Doing Better with Decoherence
    8. 8. A Sketch Definition of “World”
    9. 9. On What There Is: Objects as Patterns
    10. 10. A Reversal of Ideas
    11. 11. Probabilistic Angst: What Is Objective Probability?
    12. 12. Subjective Probability to the Rescue?
    13. 13. Notes and Further Reading
  13. 5 All the Worlds from the Primordial Bubbles
    1. 1. Comparing the Everettian and Cosmological Multiverses
    2. 2. A Golden Age of Cosmology
    3. 3. Inflation . . . Eternally
    4. 4. Glimpsing the Landscape of String Theory
    5. 5. Angst About Explanation
    6. 6. Expected Because Generic
    7. 7. Difficulties About Being Generic
    8. 8. Biased Sampling: Eddington’s Net
    9. 9. Selection Effects in Cosmology: The Anthropic Principle and the Cosmological Constant
    10. 10. Confirming a Theory of the Multiverse
    11. 11. Notes and Further Reading
  14. 6 Multiverses Compared—and Combined?
    1. 1. What I Believe
    2. 2. Why Don’t We See the Other Universes?
    3. 3. One Reality to Rule Them All?
    4. 4. Envoi
    5. 5. Notes and Further Reading
  15. Note about the Bibliography
  16. Bibliography
  17. Index

Bibliography

Albert, David. “On the Origin of Everything.” Review of The Universe from Nothing, by Lawrence Krauss. New York Times, March 25, 2012.

Azhar, Feraz. “Three Aspects of Typicality in Multiverse Cosmology.” In EPSA 15 (Selected Papers from the European Philosophy of Science Association 2015 Conference), edited by Michaela Massimi, Jan-Willem Romeijn, and G. Schurz. Springer, 2017.

Azhar, Feraz, and Jeremy Butterfield. “Scientific Realism and Primordial Cosmology.” In The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism. Routledge, 2021. https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04071; https://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/12192/.

Azhar, Feraz, and Niels Linnemann. “Rethinking the Anthropic Principle,” Philosophy of Science 92, no. 2 (2025): 361–379; https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2024.41

Bacciagaluppi, Guido, and Antony Valentini, eds. Quantum Theory at the Crossroads. Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Barandes, Jacob, and David Kagan. “The Minimal Modal Interpretation of Quantum Theory,” Annals of Physics 448 (2023). https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6755.

Barbour, Julian. Absolute or Relative Motion? Cambridge University Press, 1989. Reprinted as The Discovery of Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2001.

Barrett, Jeff. Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2019.

Barrow, John. The Book of Universes. Bodley Head, 2011.

Barrow, John, and Frank Tipler. The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Oxford University Press, 1986.

Bell, John. “Six Possible Worlds of Quantum Mechanics.” Foundations of Physics, 22, no. 10 (1992): 1201–1215. Reprinted in Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Berjon, Javier, Elias Okon, and Daniel Sudarsky. “Critical Review of Prevailing Explanations for the Emergence of Classicality in Cosmology.” Physical Review D 103, no. 4 (2021): 043521.

Bohm, David, and Basil Hiley. The Undivided Universe. Routledge, 1993.

Bousso, Raphael, and Leonard Susskind. “Multiverse Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.” Physical Review D 85, no. 4 (2012): 045007.

Bryant, Amanda, and Alastair Wilson. Modal Naturalism: Science and the Modal Facts. Cambridge University Press, 2024.

Bub, Jeff. Interpreting the Quantum World. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Buchwald, Jed, and Robert Fox, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Physics. Oxford University Press, 2013.

Butterfield, Jeremy. “Whither the Minds?” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 47, no. 2 (1996): 200-221.

———. “Emergence, Reduction and Supervenience: A Varied Landscape.” Foundations of Physics 41, no. 6 (2011): 920–960.

———. “Less is Different: Emergence and Reduction Reconciled.” Foundations of Physics 41, no. 6 (2011): 1065–1135.

———. “On Under-determination in Cosmology.” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (2014): 57–69.

———. “Peaceful Coexistence: Examining Kent’s Relativistic Solution to the Quantum Measurement Problem.” In Reality and Measurement in Algebraic Quantum Theory (Proceedings of the 2015 Nagoya Winter Workshop), edited by Masanao Ozawa, Jeremy Butterfield, Hans Halvorson, Miklós Rédei, Yuichiro Kitajima, and Francesco Buscemi, 263–280. Proceedings of Mathematics and Statistics 261. Springer, 2018.

Butterfield, Jeremy, and Henrique Gomes. “Functionalism as a Species of Reduction.” In Current Debates in Philosophy of Science, edited by Cristian Soto. Synthese Library 477. Springer, 2023.

Byrne, Peter. The Many Worlds of Hugh Everett III. Oxford University Press, 2012.

Carr, Bernard, ed. Universe or Multiverse? Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Chamcham, Khalil, Joseph Silk, John Barrow, and Simon Saunders, eds. The Philosophy of Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Coffa, J. Alberto. The Semantic Tradition from Kant to Carnap: To the Vienna Station. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Cohen, I. Bernard and George Smith, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Newton. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Craig, Edward. The Mind of God and the Works of Man. Oxford University Press, 1987.

Cushing, James. Philosophical Concepts in Physics. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Dawid, Richard, and Karim Thebault. “Many Worlds: Decoherent or Incoherent?” Synthese 192 (2015): 1539–1580.

———. “Decoherence and Probability.” Philosophy of Science (2025): 1–27; https://doi.org/10.1017/psa.2025.10110.

Dawid, Richard, and James Wells. “A Bayesian Model of Credence in Low Energy Supersymmetry.” Synthese 206 (2025): 173.

de Regt, Henk. Understanding Scientific Understanding. Oxford University Press, 2017.

Deutsch, David. The Fabric of Reality. Penguin Books, 1997.

———. “Quantum Theory of Probability and Decisions.” Proceedings of the Royal Society: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 455, no. 1988 (1999): 3129–3137.

Dieks, Dennis, and Pieter Vermaas, eds. The Modal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Kluwer Academic, 1998.

Earman, John. A Primer on Determinism. Kluwer, 1986.

———. Bangs, Crunches, Whimpers and Shrieks: Singularities and Acausalities in Relativistic Spacetimes. Oxford University Press, 1995.

———. “Lambda: The Constant that Refuses to Die.” Archive for History of the Exact Sciences 55, no. 3 (2001): 189–220.

Everett, Hugh. “Relative-State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics.” Reviews of Modern Physics 29 (1957): 454–462. Reprinted in Quantum Theory and Measurement. Edited by John Wheeler and Wojciech Zurek. Princeton University Press, 1983.

———. The Everett Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Collected Works 1955–1980. With Commentary, edited by Jeff Barrett and Peter Byrne. Princeton University Press, 2012.

Ferreira, Pedro, William Wolf, and James Read. “The Spectre of Underdetermination in Modern Cosmology.” Philosophy of Physics 3, no. 1 (2025): 1–28.

Gottlob Frege. “On Sense and Reference.” The Philosophical Review 57, no. 3 (1948): 209–230.

———. “The Thought: A Logical Inquiry.” Mind 65, no. 259 (1956): 289–311.

———. The Frege Reader, edited by Michael Beaney. Wiley-Blackwell, 1997.

Freire, Olival, Guido Bacciagaluppi, Olivier Darrigol, et al., eds. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Quantum Interpretations. Oxford University Press, 2022.

Friederich, Simon. Multiverse Theories: A Philosophical Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2021.

Greaves, Hilary, and Wayne Myrvold. “Everett and Evidence.” In Many Worlds? Everett, Quantum Theory and Reality, edited by Simon Saunders, Jeff Barrett, Adrian Kent, and David Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Greene, Brian. The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory. Random House, 1999.

Guth, Alan. The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Penguin, 1998.

Guth, Alan, and David Kaiser. “Inflationary Cosmology: Exploring the UV from the Smallest to the Largest Scales.” Science 307, 11 February 2005: 884–890.

Hacking, Ian. “Leibniz and Descartes: Proof and Eternal Truths.” Proceedings of the British Academy 59 (1973): 175–188. Oxford University Press.

———. The Emergence of Probability. Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Hall, A. Rupert. Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Halliwell, Jonathan. “Macroscopic Superpositions, Decoherent Histories, and the Emergence of Hydrodynamic Behaviour.” In Many Worlds? Everett, Quantum Theory and Reality, edited by Simon Saunders, Jeff Barrett, Adrian Kent, and David Wallace, 99–118. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Halliwell, Jonathan, Jim Hartle, and Thomas Hertog. “What is the No-Boundary Wave Function of the Universe?” Physical Review D 99 (2019): 043526.

Harding, Jacqueline. “Everettian Quantum Mechanics and the Metaphysics of Modality.” The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 72, no. 4 (2021): 939–964.

Harman, Peter. Energy, Force and Matter. Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Hartle, James. “Quasiclassical Realms.” In Many Worlds? Everett, Quantum Theory and Reality, edited by Simon Saunders, Jeff Barrett, Adrian Kent, and David Wallace. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Hartle, James, and Mark Srednicki. “Are we Typical?” Physical Review D 75 (2007): 123523.

Hartle, James, and Thomas Hertog. “Anthropic Bounds on Λ from the No-Boundary Quantum State.” Physical Review D 88 (2013): 123516.

Hartle, James, and Thomas Hertog. “One Bubble to Rule Them All.” Physical Review D 95 (2017): 123502.

———. “The Observer Strikes Back.” In The Philosophy of Cosmology, edited by Khalil Chamcham, Joseph Silk, John Barrow, and Simon Saunders, 81–205. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Healey, Richard. The Quantum Revolution in Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2019.

Hertog, Thomas. On the Origin of Time. Penguin, 2023.

Hesse, Mary. Forces and Fields: The Concept of Action at a Distance in the History of Physics. Philosophical Library, 1961.

Holland, Peter. The Quantum Theory of Motion. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Hossenfelder, Sabine. Lost in Math. Basic Books, 2018.

Huggett, Nick. Everywhere and Everywhen. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Joos, Erik, Hans-Dieter Zeh, Claus Kiefer, et al., eds. Decoherence and the Appearance of a Classical World in Quantum Theory. Springer, 2003 (second ed.).

Kent, Adrian. “Solution to the Lorentzian Quantum Reality Problem.” Physical Review A 90 (2014): 012107.

Kline, Morris. Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times. Oxford University Press, 1972.

Koberinski, Adam, and Chris Smeenk. “Establishing a Theory of Inflationary Cosmology.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 75, 1 (2024): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1086/733886.

Kragh, Helga. Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe. Princeton University Press, 1996.

Kragh, Helga, and Malcolm Longair, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2019.

Krauss, Lawrence. The Universe from Nothing. Free Press, 2011.

Landsman, Klaas. “The Fine-Tuning Argument: Exploring the Improbability of Our Existence.” In The Challenge of Chance, edited by K. Landsman and E. van Wolde, 111–129. Springer (The Frontiers Collection), 2016.

———. The Foundations of Quantum Theory. Springer, 2017 (open access).

Lechuga, Rosa-Laura, and Daniel Sudarsky. “Eternal Inflation and Collapse Theories.” Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 01 (2024): 038.

Leggett, Anthony. “Probing Quantum Mechanics Towards the Everyday World: Where do we Stand?” Physica Scripta, T102 (2002): 69–73.

Lewis, David. “General Semantics.” Synthese 22 (1970): 18–67. Reprinted in Philosophical Papers, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 1983.

———. Counterfactuals. Blackwell, 1973.

———. “Languages and Language.” In Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Volume 7, edited by Keith Gunderson. University of Minnesota Press, 1975. Reprinted in Philosophical Papers, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 1983.

———. Philosophical Papers, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 1983.

———. On the Plurality of Worlds. Blackwell, 1986.

———. “How Many Lives has Schrödinger’s Cat?” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 82 (2004): 3–22.

———. Philosophical Letters of David K. Lewis, vol. 1: Causation, Modality, Ontology, edited by Helen Beebee and Anthony Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2020.

———. Philosophical Letters of David K. Lewis, vol. 2: Mind, Language, Epistemology, edited by Helen Beebee and Anthony Fisher. Oxford University Press, 2020.

Lewis, Peter. Quantum Ontology. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Liddle, Andrew. An Introduction to Modern Cosmology. Wiley, 2015 (3rd ed.).

Livio, Mario, and Martin Rees. “Fine-tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse.” In Fine-Tuning in the Physical Universe, edited by David Sloan, Rafael Batista, Michael Hicks, and Roger Davies. Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Lockwood, Michael. Mind, Brain and the Quantum. Blackwell, 1989.

Longair, Malcolm. Our Evolving Universe. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

———. The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Longair, Malcolm, and Chris Smeenk. “Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology, edited by Helga Kragh and Malcolm Longair, 424–464. Oxford University Press, 2019.

Mates, Benson. The Philosophy of Leibniz: Metaphysics and Language. Oxford University Press, 1989.

McCoy, Casey. “Does Inflation Solve the Hot Big Bang Model’s Fine-Tuning Problems?” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 51 (2015): 23–36.

Mulder, Ruward. “The Classical Stance: Dennett’s Criterion in Wallacian Quantum Mechanics.” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 107 (2024): 11–24.

Nomura, Yasunori. “Physical Theories, Eternal Inflation, and the Quantum Universe.” Journal of High Energy Physics 11 (2011): 063.

Norton, John. The Material Theory of Induction. University of Calgary Press, 2021. Open access, available at: https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781773852539/.

———. The Large-Scale Structure of Inductive Inference. University of Calgary Press, 2024. Open access, available at: https://press.ucalgary.ca/books/9781773855400/.

Pearle, Philip. Introduction to Dynamical Wave Function Collapse. Oxford University Press, 2024.

Perez, Alejandro, Hanno Sahlmann, and Daniel Sudarsky. “On the Quantum Origin of Cosmic Structure.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 23 (2006): 2317.

Potter, Michael. The Rise of Analytic Philosophy, 1879–1930. Routledge, 2020.

Putnam, Hilary. “The Analytic and the Synthetic.” In Scientific Explanation, Space and Time: Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 3, edited by H. Feigl and G. Maxwell. University of Minnesota Press, 1962. Reprinted in Putnam’s collection, Mind, Language and Reality. Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Quine, Willard V.O. “Two Dogmas of Empiricism.” The Philosophical Review 60 (1951): 20–43.

Rees, Martin. Before the Beginning: Our Universe and Others. Simon and Schuster, 1997.

———. Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces that Shape the Universe. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1999.

Rowan-Robinson, Michael. Cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2004 (4th ed.).

Rovelli, Carlo. “Halfway Through the Woods.” In The Cosmos of Science: Essays of Exploration, edited by John Earman and John Norton. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997.

———. “Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics.” Foundations of Physics 48 (2018): 481–491.

Saunders, Simon. “Decoherence, Relative States, and Evolutionary Adaptation.” Foundations of Physics, 23 (1993): 1553–1585.

———. “Time, Quantum Mechanics, and Decoherence.” Synthese, 102 (1995): 235-266.

———. “Finite Frequentism Explains Quantum Probability.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science (2024): 731544. Available at https://doi.org/10.1086/731544.

———. “Physical Probability and Locality in No-Collapse Quantum Theory.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3017 (2025): 012005. Proceedings of the DICE 2024 Conference.

Saunders, Simon, Jeff Barrett, Adrian Kent, and David Wallace, eds. Many Worlds? Everett, Quantum Theory and Reality. Oxford University Press, 2010.

Schilpp, Paul, ed. Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. The Library of Living Philosophers, vol. 7. Open Court, 1949.

Schliesser, Eric, and Chris Smeenk, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Newton. Oxford University Press, 2017.

Schlosshauer, Max. Decoherence and the Quantum-to-Classical Transition. Springer, 2007.

Schrödinger, Erwin. “The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics.” English translation of the 1935 German original by John Trimmer. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 124 (1980): 323–338.

Singh, Simon. The Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. Fourth Estate, 2004.

Sloan, David, Rafael Batista, Michael Hicks, and Roger Davies, eds. Fine-Tuning in the Physical Universe. Cambridge University Press, 2020.

Smeenk, Chris. “Predictability Crisis in Early Universe Cosmology.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (2014): 122–133.

———. “Testing Inflation.” In The Philosophy of Cosmology, edited by Khalil Chamcham, Joseph Silk, John Barrow, and Simon Saunders. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

———. “Philosophical Aspects of Cosmology.” In The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology, edited by Helga Kragh and Malcolm Longair. Oxford University Press, 2019.

Smiley, Timothy, ed. Mathematics and Necessity: Essays in the History of Philosophy. Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2000.

Srednicki, Mark, and James Hartle. “Science in a Very Large Universe.” Physical Review D 81 (2010): 123524.

Tegmark, Max. The Mathematical Universe. Allen Lane, 2014.

Torretti, Roberto. The Philosophy of Geometry from Riemann to Poincaré. Springer, 1978.

Vermaas, Pieter. A Philosopher’s Understanding of Quantum Mechanics. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Vilenkin, Alex. “Anthropic Predictions: The Case of the Cosmological Constant.” In Universe or Multiverse?, edited by Bernard Carr, Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Wallace, David. “Everett and Structure.” Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 34 (2003): 86–105.

———. The Emergent Multiverse: Quantum Theory According to the Everett Interpretation. Oxford University Press, 2012.

———. Review of The Quantum Revolution in Philosophy, by Richard Healey. Analysis 80 (2020): 381–388.

———. Philosophy of Physics. Oxford University Press, 2021.

Weatherall, James. Void: The Strange Physics of Nothing. Yale University Press, 2016.

Weinberg, Steven. “Living in the Multiverse.” In Universe or Multiverse?, edited by Bernard Carr. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

———. “The Trouble with Quantum Mechanics,” The New York Review of Books, January 19, 2017, 51–53.

Westfall, Robert. Never at Rest. Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Wheeler, John, and Wojciech Zurek, eds. Quantum Theory and Measurement. Princeton University Press, 1983.

Whitaker, Andrew. John Stewart Bell and Twentieth Century Physics. Oxford University Press, 2020.

Wilson, Alastair. “Macroscopic Ontology in Everettian Quantum Mechanics.” The Philosophical Quarterly 61 (2011): 363–382.

———. “Everettian Quantum Mechanics without Branching Time.” Synthese 188 (2012): 67–84.

———. “Objective Probability in Everettian Quantum Mechanics.” British Journal of Philosophy of Science 64 (2013): 709–737.

———. The Nature of Contingency. Oxford University Press, 2020.

Zeh, Hans-Dieter. “On the Interpretation of Measurement in Quantum Theory.” Foundations of Physics 1 (1970): 69–76.

Annotate

Next Chapter
Index
PreviousNext
© 2026 Jeremy Butterfield
Powered by Manifold Scholarship. Learn more at
Opens in new tab or windowmanifoldapp.org