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Historical GIS research in Canada: Select Bibliography

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table of contents
  1. Front Matter
  2. Acknowledgements
  3. Introduction
  4. Turning Space Inside Out: Spatial History and Race in Victorian Victoria
  5. Mapping the Welland Canals and the St. Lawrence Seaway with Google Earth
  6. Reinventing the Map Library: The Don Valley Historical Mapping Project
  7. The Best Seat in the House: Using Historical GIS to Explore Religion and Ethnicity in Late-Nineteenth-Century Toronto
  8. Stories of People, Land, and Water: Using Spatial Technologies to Explore Regional Environmental History
  9. Mapping Ottawa’s Urban Forest, 1928–2005
  10. “I do not know the boundaries of this land, but I know the land which I worked”: Historical GIS and Mohawk Land Practices
  11. Rebuilding a Neighbourhood of Montreal
  12. Growth and Erosion: A Reflection on Salt Marsh Evolution in the St. Lawrence Estuary Using HGIS
  13. Top-down History: Delimiting Forests, Farms, and the Census of Agriculture on Prince Edward Island Using Aerial Photography, ca. 1900–2000
  14. The Irony of Discrimination: Mapping Historical Migration Using Chinese Head Tax Data
  15. Mapping Fuel Use in Canada: Exploring the Social History of Canadians’ Great Fuel Transformation
  16. Exploring Historical Geography Using Census Microdata: The Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI) Project
  17. Appendix A: Historical GIS Studies in Canada
  18. Select Bibliography
  19. Notes on Contributors
  20. Index

Select Bibliography

Archival Sources

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec à Montréal (BAnQ).

Dossiers de grand format (TP11, S2, SS2, SS42), Expropriations.

Fonds Cour supérieure, District judiciaire de Montréal, Dossiers des faillis (TP11, S2, SS10, SSS1).

Fonds Tutelles et curatelles (CC601, S1); Fonds Greffes de notaires (CN601).

Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec à Québec

CA301, S45, no. 3. McCarthy, J. “Plan and Survey of Cap-au-Diable in Kamouraska.” 1781.

P407, famille Taché, no. 2. J. Hamel, “Plan de la seigneurie de Kamouraska.” 1826.

Bibliothèque générale de l’Université Laval, Centre d’information géographique et statistique

Mosaïque aérienne du Québec, 1929, F82.

Ministère des Ressources naturelles, Gouvernement du Québec, Q74316-94-95-96 and Q74313-133-134-135 (1974); Q85913-143 (1985).

British Columbia Archives.

A/E/Or3/C15, Alexander Campbell, “Report on the Indians of British Columbia to the Superintendent General of Indian Affairs,” October 19, 1883.

British Columbia Electric Railway fonds.

GR 428. Vancouver Island. Police and Prisons Department, Esquimalt, 1862–1868.

National Air Photo Library (Ottawa, Canada), A11660-290, 1948.

Ontario Hydro Archives. Correspondence regarding Complaints, Hamilton Cataract Power, Light and Traction Co. RG1-1/1-4.

Presbyterian Church in Canada Archives. Knox Presbyterian Church Toronto collection.

Ville de Montréal. Service des archives. Rôles d’évaluation et feuilles de route 1847–1915.

Published Primary Sources

Adams, J. Map of the City and Suburbs of Montreal, 1825.

Atlas of Province of Prince Edward Island, Canada and the World, 1927. Toronto: Cummins Map Company, 1928.

“Aviator to Detect Forest Fires.” American Forestry (September 1915): 914–15.

Blaiklock, Frederick W., E. H. Charles Lionais and Louis-Wilfrid Sicotte, Cadastral Plans, City of Montreal (Montréal, E.H.C. Lionais, 1880).

Cane, James. Topographical and Pictorial Map of the City of Montreal. 1:5100 (Montreal, Robert W. S. Mackay, 1846).

City of Victoria. 1871 Municipal Census. Online database on Patrick Dunae, ed. Vihistory.ca <http://vihistory.ca>.

Goad, C. E. Atlas of the City of Montreal showing all Buildings and Names of Owners (C. E. Goad Ltd., 1881).

Langevin H. L., in Canada. Sessional Papers. 1872. Vol. 6, No. 10: “British Columbia. Report by the Hon. H. L. Langevin, C. B., Minister of Public Works.”

Lovell, John, and Sons. City of Montreal Directory. Lovell’s Business and Professional Directory of the Province of Quebec, 1902–03. Montreal: Lovell, 1847–1901.

Powell, I. W. in Canada. Sessional Papers. Department of Indian Affairs. Annual Report, 1877. 32–34.

Williams, R. T., ed. The British Columbia Directory for the year 1882–83. Victoria, 1882.

———. Williams’ illustrated official British Columbia directory, 1892. Victoria, B. C.: Colonist Printers, 1892.

Secondary Sources

Adams, Peter, and Colin Taylor. Peterborough and the Kawarthas, 3d ed. Peterborough: Trent University, 2009.

Agarwal, Pragya. “Operationalising ‘Sense of Place’ as a Cognitive Operator for Semantics in Place-Based Ontologies.” In Spatial Information Theory: International Conference, COSIT 2005: Proceedings, edited by A. G. Cohn and D. M. Mark, 96–114. New York: Springer, 2005.

Akenson, Donald H. The Irish in Ontario: A Study in Rural History. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1984.

Anderson, Kay. Vancouver’s Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada, 1875–1980. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1991.

Angus, James. A Respectable Ditch: A History of the Trent-Severn Waterway, 1833–1920. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1988.

Annual Report of the Trustees and Deacons Court of Knox Church For Congregational Year 1883. Toronto: Globe Printing Co., 1884.

Aporta, Claudio, and Eric Higgs. “Satellite Culture: Global Positioning Systems, Inuit Wayfinding, and the Need for a New Account of Technology.” Current Anthropology 46, no. 5 (2005): 729–53.

Apple, J. D., and P. D. Manion. “Increment Core Analysis of Declining Norway Maples, Acer platanoides.” Urban Ecology 3, no. 4 (1986): 309–21.

Armstrong, Christopher, Matthew Evenden, and H. V. Nelles. The River Returns: An Environmental History of the Bow. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009.

Armstrong, Christopher, and H. V. Nelles. Monopoly’s Moment: The Organization and Regulation of Canadian Utilities, 1830–1930. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986.

———. Revenge of the Methodist Streetcar Company: Sunday Streetcars and Municipal Reform, 1888–1897. Toronto: P. Martin Associated, 1977.

“At Caughnawaga, P. Q.” Catholic World 37, no. 221 (1883): 607.

Atack, Jeremy. “Farm and Farm-Making Costs Revisited.” Agricultural History 56 (October 1982): 663–76.

Bakhtin, Mikhail. “Forms of time and of the chronotope in the novel; notes towards a historical poetics.” In The Dialogic Imagination, edited by M. Olquist. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981.

Barman, Jean. “Taming Aboriginal Sexuality: Gender, Power, and Race in British Columbia, 1850–1900.” BC Studies 115/116 (1997/98): 237–66.

Beard, Colleen. “The Three ‘Old’ Lock Ones – A history in maps.” Dalhousie Peer – Port Dalhousie’s Community News Magazine 10 (2000): 6–8.

Bellavance, C., F. Normand, and E. S. Ruppert. “Census in Context: Documenting and Understanding the Making of Early-Twentieth-Century Canadian Censuses.” Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 2 (2007): 92–103.

Benedickson, Jamie. The Culture of Flushing: A Social and Legal History of Sewage. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2007.

Bentham, Christie and Katharine Hooke. From Burleigh to Boschink: A Community Called Stony Lake. Toronto: Natural Heritage Books, 2000.

Berland, Adam. “Long-term urbanization effects on tree canopy cover along an urban-rural gradient.” Urban Ecosystems 15, no. 1 (2012): 721–38.

Bernatchez, P., and J.-M. M. Dubois. “Bilan des connaissances de la dynamique de l’érosion des côtes du Québec maritime laurentien.” Géographie physique et Quaternaire 58, no. 1 (2004): 45–71.

Bernatchez, P., and C. Fraser. “Evolution of Coastal Defence Structures and Consequences for Beach Width Trends, Québec, Canada.” Journal of Coastal Research 28, no. 6 (2012): 1550 – 1566.

Blomley, Nicholas. “Law, Property, and the Geography of Violence: The Frontier, the Survey, and the Grid.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93, no. 1 (2003): 121–41.

Boas, Franz. The Ethnography of Franz Boas: Letters and Diaries of Franz Boas Written on the Northwest Coast from 1886 to 1931, edited by Ronald P. Rohner. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1969.

Boast, Robin, Michael Bravo, and Ramesh Srinivasan. “Return to Babel: Emergent Diversity, Digital Resources, and Local Knowledge.” The Information Society 23 (2007): 395–403.

Bocking, Stephen. “Constructing Urban Expertise: Professional and Political Authority in Toronto, 1940–1970.” Journal of Urban History 33, no. 1 (2006): 51–76.

Bodenhamer, David. “History and GIS: Implications for the Discipline.” In Placing History: How Maps, Spatial Data and GIS are Changing Historical Scholarship, edited by Anne Kelly Knowles, 222–30. Redlands, CA: ESRI, 2008.

Bonnell, Jennifer. Reclaiming Toronto’s Don River Valley: An Environmental History of an Urban Borderland. Toronto: University of Toronto Press (forthcoming).

———. “A Social History of a Changing Environment: The Don River Valley, 1910–1931.” In Reshaping Toronto’s Waterfront, edited by Gene Desfor and Jennefer Laidley, 123–50. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011.

———. “An Intimate Understanding of Place: Charles Sauriol and Toronto’s Don River Valley, 1927–1989.” Canadian Historical Review 92, no. 4 (2011): 607–36.

Boone, C. G., M. L. Cadenasso, J. M. Grove, K. Schwartz, and G. L. Buckley. “Landscape, Vegetation Characteristics and Group Identity in an Urban and Suburban Watershed: Why the 60s Matter.” Urban Ecosystems 13 (2010): 255–71.

Bouchard, V., F. Digaire, J.-C. Lefeuvre,and L.-M. Guillon. “Progression des marais salés à l’ouest du Mont-Saint-Michel entre 1984 et 1994.” Mappemonde 4 (1995): 28–33.

Boulton, Jeremy. Neighbourhood and Society: A London Suburb in the Seventeenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique. Paris: Droz, 1972.

Bradbury, Bettina. “Women’s Workplaces: The Impact of Technological Change on Working Class Women in the Home and in the Workplace in Nineteenth Century Montreal.” In Women, Work and Place, edited by A. Kobayashi, 27–44. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1994.

Brealey, Kenneth G. “First (National) Space: (Ab)original (Re)mappings of British Columbia.” PhD thesis, University of British Columbia, 2002.

Breen, David. Alberta’s Petroleum Industry and the Conservation Board. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1992.

British Columbia, Province of. Progress Report of the Rural Electrification Committee as of January 24, 1944. Victoria: Charles Banfield, 1944.

Brody, Hugh. Maps and Dreams: Indians and the British Columbia frontier. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1981.

Bromberg, K. D., and M. K. Bertness. “Reconstructing New England Salt Marsh Loss Using Historical Maps.” Estuaries 26, no. 6 (2005): 823–32.

Brookes, Alan A. “‘Doing the Best I Can’: The Taking of the 1861 New Brunswick Census.” Histoire sociale / Social History 9, no. 17 (1976): 70–91.

Brunger, Alan. “Early Settlement in Contrasting Areas of Peterborough County, Ontario.” In Perspectives on Landscape and Settlement in Nineteenth Century Ontario, edited by David J. Wood, 117–40. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1975.

———. “The Cultural Landscape.” In Peterborough and the Kawarthas, 3d ed., edited by Peter Adams and Colin Taylor, 119–54. Peterborough: Trent University, 2009.

Byrnes, Giselle. Boundary Markers: Land Surveying and the Colonisation of New Zealand. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 2001.

Campanella, Thomas J. Republic of Shade: New England and the American Elm. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.

Campbell, Claire. Shaped by the West Wind: Nature and History in Georgian Bay. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2005.

Canada. Census of Canada, 1911. Agriculture, Vol. 4 (Ottawa: J. de L. Taché, 1914).

———. Census of Canada 1956, Agriculture, Bulletin 2-11. Ottawa: Edmond Cloutier, Queen’s Printer, 1957.

———. Census of Canada 1961, Vol. 5, Agriculture, Bulletin 5.1. Ottawa: Roger Duhamel, Queen’s Printer, 1963.

———. Census of Population and Agriculture of the Northwest Territories, 1886.

———. Census office. Fourth census of Canada, 1901. Ottawa: Printed by S. E. Dawson, 1902–06.

Canada. Bureau of Geology and Topography, Topographical Survey. “St. Andrews, Charlotte County, New Brunswick.” Geological Survey of Canada, “A” Series, Map 523a, 1939.

———. Department of Trade and Commerce, Census and Statistics Office. Census of Canada, 1911. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1912.

———. Department of Trade and Commerce, Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Census of Industry, Central Electric Light Stations in Canada, 1921–1951; Census of Canada, Households, 1921–1951. Ottawa: 1953.

———. Sixth Census of Canada, 1921. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1924.

———. Sixth Census of Canada, 1921, Vol. V – Agriculture. Ottawa: F. A. Acland, 1925.

———. Seventh Census of Canada, 1931. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1933.

———. Eighth Census of Canada, 1941. Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1950.

———. Eighth Census of Canada, 1941, Vol. VIII, Agriculture, Part I. Ottawa: Edmond Cloutier, King’s Printer, 1947.

———. Ninth Census of Canada, 1951. Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1953.

———. Census of Industry, Central Electric Stations in Canada, 1922. Ottawa: F. A. Ackland, 1924.

———. Census of Industry, 1935, Central Electrical Stations in Canada. Ottawa, 1937.

———. Central Electric Stations, 1951. Edmond Cloutier: Ottawa, 1963.

———. Census Monograph No. 6, Rural and Urban Composition of the Canadian Population. Reprinted from Vol. XII, Seventh Census of Canada. Ottawa: J. O. Patenaude, 1938.

Canada. Department of Trade and Commerce, Transportation and Public Utilities Branch. The Index Numbers of Cost of Electricity for Domestic Service and Tables of Monthly Bills for Domestic Service, Commercial Light and Small Power. Ottawa: 1936.

———. Department of National Defence. “Topographic Map, Nova Scotia: Halifax Sheet, Number 201, Surveyed in 1920” [map], 1:63,360, 1923.

———. Public Utilities Branch. Index Numbers of Cost of Rates for Domestic Service and Tables of Monthly Bills for Domestic Service, Commercial Light and Small Power, 1939. Ottawa, 1940.

Canada. Statistics Canada. Census of Agriculture, 1986. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1987.

———. Series A67–69, Rural and Urban Populations of Canada, 1871–1976.

———. Series M12-22, Farm holdings, Canada and by province, 1871 to 1971.

Caniggia, G., and G. L. Maffei. Interpreting Basic Building: Architectural Composition and Building Typology. Firenze: Aliena Editrice, 2001.

Cannadine, David. “Residential Differentiation in Nineteenth Century Towns: From Shapes on the Ground to Shapes in Society.” In The Structure of Nineteenth Century Cities, edited by J. H. Johnson and C. G. Pooley, 235–52. London: Croom Helm, 1982.

Cardia, Emanuella. “Household Technology: Was it the Engine of Liberation?” Université de Montréal and CIREQ, current version April 2010, http://www.cireq.umontreal.ca/personnel/cardia.html.

Careau, Chrystian. “Les marais intertidaux du Saint-Laurent : Complexités et dynamiques naturelles et culturelles.” MS thesis, Dépt. de géographie, Université Laval, 2010.

Careless, J.M.S. Toronto to 1918: An Illustrated History. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1984.

Carter, Sarah. Lost Harvests: Prairie Indian Reserve Farmers and Government Policy. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1990.

Carter, S. B., S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haines, A. L. Olmstead, R. Sutch, and G. Wright, eds. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Times to the Present. Vol. 4. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Castonguay, Stéphane, and Diane Saint-Laurent. “Reconstructing Reforestation: Changing Land-Use Patterns along the Saint-François River in the Eastern Townships.” In Method and Meaning in Canadian Environmental History, edited by Alan MacEachern and William Turkel, 273–92. Toronto: Nelson, 2009.

Cataldi, G. “From Muratori to Caniggia: The Origins and Development of the Italian School of Design Typology.” Urban Morphology 7, no. 1 (2003): 19–34.

Catton, H. A., S. St George, and W. R. Humphrey. “An Evaluation of Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) Decline in the Urban Forest of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.” Arboriculture and Urban Forestry 33, no. 1 (2007): 22–30.

Chalmers, Robert. “Report on the Surface Geology of Eastern New Brunswick, North-western Nova Scotia and a Portion of Prince Edward Island.” Annual Report, Geological Survey of Canada, 8 (1895).

Champagne, P., R. Denis, and C. Lebel. Établissement de modèle caractérisant l’équilibre dynamique des estrans de la rive sud du moyen estuaire du Saint-Laurent. Rapport manuscript canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiques no. 1711. Quebec: Ministère des Pêches et des Océans, 1983.

Chapman, V. J. Salt Marshes and Salt Deserts of the World. New York: Interscience Publishers.

Chastko, Paul. Developing Alberta’s Oil Sands: From Karl Clark to Kyoto. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2004.

Chudacoff, Howard. Mobile Americans: Residential and Social Mobility in Omaha, 1880–1920. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Cimino, Richard and Don Lattin. Shopping for Faith: American Religion in the New Millennium. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1998.

Clark, Andrew H. “Field Work in Historical Geography.” Professional Geographer 4 (1946): 13–23.

———. Three Centuries and the Island: A Historical Geography of Settlement and Agriculture in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1959.

Cohn, Julie. “Expansion for Conservation: The North American Power Grid.” Paper presented at the American Society for Environmental History. Phoenix, Arizona. April 2011.

Comité ZIP de la Rive Nord de l’Estuaire. Forum citoyen 2007 sur l’érosion des berges et l’occupation du territoire en Côte-Nord. Baie Comeau, QC: Webcréation, 2007.

Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Cook, Kakwiranó:ron. “Kahnawà:ke Revisited: The St. Lawrence Seaway.” Kakari:io Pictures, 2009.

Corrective Collective. Never Done: Three Centuries of Women’s Work in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Women’s Educational Press, 1974.

Cover, Robert M. “Violence and the Word.” Yale Law Journal 95, no. 8 (1986): 1601–29.

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. New York: Basic Books, 1983.

Cracroft, Sophia. Lady Franklin Visits the Pacific Northwest, February to April 1861 and April to July 1870. Edited by Dorothy Blakey Smith. Victoria: Provincial Archives of British Columbia, 1974.

Craib, Raymond B. Cartographic Mexico: A History of State Fixations and Fugitive Landscapes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004.

Craig, Roland D. “Forest Surveys in Canada.” Forestry Chronicle 11 (September 1935): 31.

Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England New York: Hill & Wang, 1983.

Crook, Frederick W. “Underreporting of China’s Cultivated Land Area: Implications for World’s Agricultural Trade.” In China Situation and Outlook Series, 33–39. Washington, D.C.: Department of Agriculture, 1993.

Cummings, H. R. Early Days in Haliburton. Toronto: Ontario Department of Lands and Forests, 1963.

Cunfer, Geoff. On the Great Plains: Agriculture and Environment. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2005.

Dale, Angela, and Ed Fieldhouse, and Clare Holdsworth. Analyzing Census Microdata. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Darroch, Gordon. “Constructing Census Families and Classifying Households: ‘Relationship to Head of Family or Household’ in the 1901 Census of Canada.” Historical Methods 33, no. 4 (2000): 206–10.

Darroch, Gordon, ed. The Dawn of “Canada’s Century”: The Hidden Histories. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, forthcoming.

Darroch, Gordon, Richard D. B. Smith, and Michel Gaudreault. “CCRI Sample Designs and Sample Point Identification, Data Entry, and Reporting (SPIDER) Software.” Historical Methods 40, no. 2 (2007): 65–75.

Dean, Joanna. “‘Said tree is a veritable See:’ Ottawa’s Street Trees, 1869–1939.” Urban History Review / Revue d’histoire urbaine 34, no. 1 (2005): 46–57.

———. “The Social Production of a Canadian Urban Forest.” In Environmental and Social Justice in the City: Historical Perspectives, edited by Richard Rodger and Genevieve Massard-Guilbaud. Isle of Harris, UK: White Horse Press, 2011.

Dear, Michael, Jim Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. Geohumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. London: Routledge, 2011.

Dennis, Matthew. Cultivating a Landscape of Peace: Iroquois–European Encounters in Seventeenth-Century America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993.

Desfor, Gene. Nature and the City: Making Environmental Policy in Toronto and Los Angeles. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2004.

Desfor, Gene. “Planning Urban Waterfront Industrial Districts: Toronto’s Ashbridge’s Bay, 1889–1910.” Urban History Review 17, no. 2 (1988): 77–91.

Desfor, Gene, and Jennifer Bonnell. “Socio-ecological Change in the Nineteenth and Twenty-first Centuries: The Lower Don River.” In Reshaping Toronto’s Waterfront, edited by Gene Desfor and Jennefer Laidley, 305–25. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011.

Desfor, Gene, and Roger Keil. “Every River Tells a Story: The Don River (Toronto) and the Los Angeles River (Los Angeles) as Articulating Landscapes.” Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning 2, no. 1 (2000): 5–23.

Desfor, Gene, and Jennefer Laidley, eds. Reshaping Toronto’s Waterfront. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011.

Desplanque, C., and D. Mossman. “Tides and Their Seminal Impact on the Geology, Geography, History, and Socio-Economics of the Bay of Fundy, Eastern Canada.” Atlantic Geology 40, no. 1 (2004): 1–118.

Dionne, J.-C. “Âge et taux moyen d’accrétion verticale des schorres du Saint-Laurent esturaien, en particulier ceux de Montmagny et de Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Québec.” Géographie physique et Quaternaire 58, no. 1 (2004): 74–75.

Dodd, Dianne. “Women in Advertising: The Role of Canadian Women in the Promotion of Domestic Electrical Technology in the Interwar Period.” In Despite the Odds, edited by Marianne Ainley, 134-151. Montreal: Véhicule, 1990.

Dolphin, Frank. Country power: The Electrical Revolution in Rural Alberta. Plain Publishing, ca. 1993.

Donahue, Brian. “Mapping Husbandry in Concord: GIS as a Tool for Environmental History.” In Placing History: How Maps, Spatial Data, and GIS are Changing Historical Scholarship, edited by Anne Kelly Knowles, 151–77. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, 2008.

Driver, Felix and David Gilbert, eds. Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.

Duchesne, Julie. “Le Canadien Pacifique et la transformation de l’espace est-montréalais : le cas de la gare-hôtel Viger, 1891–1901.” In The Territories of Business, edited by C. Bellavance and P. Lanthier, 47–62. Sainte-Foy: Les Presses de l’Université Laval, 2004.

Duerden, Frank, and Richard G. Kuhn. “The Application of Geographic Information Systems by First Nations and Government in Northern Canada.” Cartographica 33, no. 2 (1996): 49–62.

Dufaux, François. “A New World from Two Old Ones: The Evolution of Montreal’s Tenements, 1850–1892.” Urban Morphology 4, no. 1 (2000): 9–19.

———, and Sherry Olson. “Reconstruire Montréal, rebâtir sa fortune.” Revue de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 1 (2009): 44–57.

Dunae, Patrick A. “Making the 1891 Census in British Columbia.” Histoire sociale / Social History 31, no. 62 (1998): 234–36.

Dunae, Patrick A., John S. Lutz, Donald J. Lafreniere, and Jason A. Gilliland. “Making the Inscrutable Scrutable: Race and Space in Victoria’s Chinatown, 1891.” BC Studies 169 (Spring 2011).

Edmonds, Penelope. Urbanizing Frontiers: Indigenous Peoples and Settlers in 19th Century Pacific Rim Cities. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010.

Einhorn, Robin L. Property Rules, Political Economy in Chicago, 1833–1872 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).

Elson, Jeremy, Jon Howell, and John R. Douceur. “MapCruncher: Integrating the World’s Geographic Information.” Microsoft Research Redmond, April 2007. (http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/74210/OSR2007-4b.pdf, accessed February 24, 2011)

Ennals, Peter. “Cobourg and Port Hope: The Struggle for Control of ‘The Back Country.’” In Perspectives on Landscape and Settlement in Nineteenth Century Ontario, edited by David J. Wood, 182–95. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1975.

Escobedo, F. J., T. Kroeger, and J. E. Wagner. “Urban Forests and Pollution Mitigation: Analyzing Ecosystem Services and Disservices.” Environmental Pollution 159 (2011): 2078–87.

Escobedo, Francisco and Jennifer Seitz. “The Costs of Managing an Urban Forest.” University of Florida, IFAS Extension, FOR 217 (2009) available at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR27900.pdf.

Ethington, Philip. “Placing the Past: ‘Groundwork’ for a Spatial Theory of History.” Rethinking History 11, no. 4 (2007): 465–94.

Evenden, Matthew. Fish versus Power: An Environmental History of the Fraser River. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Evenden, Matthew, and Graeme Wynn. “54, 40 or Fight: Writing within and across Borders in North American Environmental History.” In Nature’s End: History and the Environment, edited by Sverker Sörlin and Paul Warde, 215–46. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Fawcett, Edgar. Some Reminiscences of Old Victoria. Toronto: William Briggs, 1912.

Feinburg, Jonathan. “Wordle.” In Beautiful Visualization, edited by Julie Steele and Noah Illinsky, 37-58. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2010.

Fernow, Bernhard E. Forest Conditions of Nova Scotia. Ottawa: Commission of Conservation, Canada, and Department of Crown Lands, Nova Scotia, 1912.

Fischer-Kowalski, Marina, and Helmut Haberl, eds. Socioecological Transitions and Global Change: Trajectories of Social Metabolism and Land Use. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2007.

Fitch, William. Knox Church Toronto: Avant-garde Evangelical Advancing. Toronto: John Deyell, 1971.

Fleming, Keith. Power at Cost: Ontario Hydro and Rural Electrification, 1911–58. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1992.

Forkey, Neil S. Shaping the Upper Canadian Frontier: Environment, Society, and Culture in the Trent Valley. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2003.

Fortin, Marcel, and Janina Mueller. “The Library as Research Partner and Data Creator : The Don Valley Historical Mapping Project.” Journal of Map and Geography Libraries 9, no. 1–2 (2013): 157–74.

Foucault, Michel. “Space, Knowledge and Power.” In The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow<PAGES?>. New York: Pantheon, 1984.

Fraser, E.D.G., and W. A. Kenney. “Cultural Background and Landscape History as Factors Affecting Perceptions of the Urban Forest.” Journal of Arboriculture 26, no. 2 (2000): 106–13.

Gabriel-Doxtater, Brenda Katlatont, and Arlette Kawanatatie Van den Hende. At the Woods’ Edge: An Anthology of the History of the People of Kanehsatà:ke. Kanesatake, Québec: Kanesatake Education Center, 1995.

Gaddis, John Lewis. The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Gaffield, Chad. “Evidence of What? Changing Answers to the Question of Historical Sources as Illustrated by Research Using the Census.” In Building New Bridges: Sources Methods and Interdisciplinarity, ed. J. Keshen and S. Perrier, 265–74. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2005.

———. “Introduction: Conceptualizing and Constructing the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure.” Historical Methods 40, no. 2 (2007): 54–64.

Gauvreau, Danielle, and Sherry Olson. “Mobilité sociale dans une ville industrielle nord-américaine: Montréal, 1880–1900.” Annales de Démographie Historique 1 (2008): 89–114.

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