Index

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Aboriginal peoples, 5, 6, 10, 17, 20, 85. See also Amerindians; Indigenous peoples; North American Indians

aerial photographs, viii, xi, xvii, 28, 33, 90, 92, 93, 143

digitization, 40–41, 42n7. See also digitization (scanning)

historical interpretation, 33–38, 41, 111–22, 183–93, 197–219, 221n24, 221n30, 222. See also maps, historical interpretation

agricultural land, 86, 88, 102, 103, 121–23, 181, 204, 209, 210, 213, 277

agricultural decline, 198, 204, 213, 219

agriculture, x, xvii, xviii, 83, 85, 88–94, 99–100,104, 105, 131, 181, 188, 192, 198–201, 205, 218

shifting cultivation, 146

Aiguillon, France, 182, 184

Akenson, Donald, 107n26, 108n40, 199, 220n9

Alberta, province, viii, 245, 260, 266n27

Amerindians, 192. See also Aboriginal peoples; Indigenous peoples; North American Indians

Anderson, Kay, 14, 23n33

anthropologists, 135

anti-Chinese, 11, 228, 231, 237

ArcGIS (software), xiii, 24n40, 28, 29, 92, 96, 140, 177n4, 187, 240. See also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software

ArcGIS for Server (web mapping software), 92. See also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software

archives, xiv, xv, 94, 148, 175, 184, 185, 193. See also data archiving

archival work, 143, 145, 155, 182, 184, 187, 188, 193

archivists, x, xiv, 41, 233

Aultsville, Ontario, 32, 33

automobile, 252, 254, 255

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 20, 24n48

Baltimore, MD, 124

bankruptcy, 174, 179n22

Bay of Kamouraska, Québec, 183–93. See also Kamouraska County, Québec

Beard, Colleen, xvi, 28, 29, 33, 42n5

Bing Maps, 94

Boas, Franz, 6, 22n21

Bocking, Stephen, vii, viii, xvii, 59n4

Bodenhamer, David, 19, 24n45

Bonnell, Jennifer, xvi, 47, 48, 58–59n1,

breweries and distilleries, 52, 53, 54, 59n7, 88, 167, 174

British Colonist (newspaper), 4, 5, 14, 15, 16

British Columbia, 2, 3, 5, 14, 19, 21, 225, 246, 254, 255, 260, 266n27

Brock University, vii, 29, 33

Brock University Map Library, vii, 33

Brosseau, Alexander, 136, 148, 152n76

Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI), xii, xviii, 17, 240, 271–85, 286n25

Canadian Families Project, 17, 274, 285n12

Canadian Geographic Information System (CGIS), x, xviiin3

Canadian Geospatial Data Policy (KPMG Report), xiv

Canadian National Air Photo Library (NAPL), vii, viii, 93, 114, 187

Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), 43, 129, 131, 148, 174. See also railways

Canadian shield, 83, 244

Canadian Underwriters Association, xv. See also fire insurance plans

Cannadine, David, 11, 23n29

canopy cover, xvii, 111–15, 118–25,125n2,127n24

Cantonese, language, 228, 232

Cardia, Emanuela, 242, 265n9

Carey, Joseph, 13

cartographers, xv, xviii, 143, 146, 200, 202

cartography, 130, 144, 145, 149n4, 200

categorization, geographic, 146, 147

Caughnawaga, Québec, 136

census enumerators, 17, 18, 198, 210, 271, 272, 277

census of agriculture, 197–223. See also agriculture; agriculture, shifting cultivation; Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Prince Edward Island

Census of Canada, 271–86. See also data, Census of Canada

Census of Prince Edward Island, 200

census, municipal, of Victoria, 5, 6, 9, 17, 22n17

censuses, 2, 17, 23n38, 197, 199, 220n8

centrality, 157, 163, 174

Centre interuniversitaire d’études québécoises (CIÉQ), 275, 285n2

chain migration, 226, 229, 231, 234

Chalmers, Robert, 206, 222n39

Chan, Stephanie, viii, 234, 235, 236

Chiang, Rudy, 232

China, 14, 20, 63, 200, 209, 210, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 232, 234

Chinatowns, 2, 11, 13, 15, 20, 63

Chinese Canadian Stories Project, viii, 233, 234, 237

Chinese Canadians, viii, 227–37. See also immigration, Chinese

Chinese Head Tax (in Canada), xviii, 225–37

Chow, Phoebe, viii, 232

Chronotope, 20

Chudacoff, Howard, 71, 73, 74, 80n29, 80n24

church membership information, 62

Church of Scotland, 62, 66, 68

church pew rents, 61–65, 68–71, 75–78

Clark, Andrew Hill, 184, 195, 206, 220n7, 222n40

Clifford, Jim, vii, xvi, 29

climate change, 181, 193

coal, 49, 54, 242, 243, 245, 265n12

collaboration, research, ix, x, xvi, 2, 45, 48, 58, 85, 91, 99, 105, 175, 221n30, 233–34

colonialism, 3, 5, 18

colonization, 102, 143

colonization roads, 86, 100, 103

communion rolls, 64, 65, 66, 70, 71, 72

conservation, environmental, xvii, 46, 48, 52, 57, 89, 96, 99, 101, 102, 104, 105, 121

conservation, heritage, 105

Coolidge, Jake, 234

Crown copyright, Canada, xiii

Cornwall, Ontario, 31

Costello, Frank, 215, 216, 217

Craib, Raymond, 143, 149n4, 151n50

Crawford, Isabella Valancy, 101

Critical Thinking Consortium, 233

Cummins Atlas, Prince Edward Island (1928), 214, 216, 217

Cunfer, Geoff, 200, 221n18

Darroch, Gordon, 279, 280, 285n5, 286n20, 286n25, 286n27

data

archiving, 48

Census of Canada, xii, xvii, 3, 13, 113, 210, 240–41, 246, 250, 271–86. See also Census of Canada

geospatial, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, 27, 48, 59, 64, 93, 95, 176n1, 184–86, 193, 219, 229, 240

sampling, 14–16, 74, 114–15, 198, 203, 209–19, 272–74, 277–84, 286n25

topographic, 58, 92, 139. See also maps, topographic

Data access in Canada, history, xi, xiii, xiv, xv. See also open data

databases

contextual, 272, 273, 275

relational, 64, 96, 177, 272

David Rumsey Historical Map Collection, xi, 28

de Cosmos, Amor, 13

Dean, Joanna, viii, xvii, 112, 125n1, 126n19, 127n22

decolonization, 149

deforestation, 111, 197, 202, 219

Dendron Resources, Ottawa, 203

Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Prince Edward Island, 201. See also agriculture

Department of Indian Affairs (DIA), Canada, 129, 136, 139

Department of National Defence, Canada, 93

Department of the Interior, Canada, 201, 202

developed land, 210–13

digital history, xiii, 233

digital humanities, xiii, 19

digitization (geospatial data creation), xv, 114–16, 230

digitization (scanning), x, xii, xv, xvii, 4, 14, 17, 33, 37, 40, 41, 45, 48–49, 58, 93, 94, 114, 185, 275, 277, 278, 279. See also aerial photographs, digitization

digitization of canopy cover, manual, 114. See also digitization (geospatial data creation)

discourse analysis, 2, 20

DMTI Spatial Inc. (geospatial data provider), 229

Don River Improvement Project, 43, 46, 55

Don River, Toronto, 43–45, 54, 66

Don River Valley, Toronto, vii, 43–58, 58n1

Don River Watershed, Toronto, 46, 48, 52, 57

Lower Don River, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55

West Don River, 45

Don Valley Historical Mapping Project, vii, ix, xvii, 43–58

Don Valley Parkway, Toronto, 44, 46, 56

dot-grid methodology, 114

Dougherty, Frank, 215, 218

Dufaux, François, viii, xvii, 177n7, 178n16

Dunae, Patrick A., xvi, 21n3,21n9, 22n18, 23n36,23n37

Dutch elm disease (DED), 118, 119, 121, 126

Edmonds, Penelope, 4, 22n11, 22n13, 23n30

electricity consumption, xviii, 100, 239–64

electrification, 245–64. See also hydroelectric power

Ell, Paul, xi, xii, xviiin4, xviiin10, 107, 108, 285, 286

emerald ash borer (EAB), 122, 123

enclosure, land, 139, 149

energy consumption, xviii, 88, 100, 219, 239–64

environmental conservation, xvii, 46, 48, 52, 57, 89, 96, 99, 101–2, 104–5

environmental history, xiii, xvi, xvii, 44–48, 55, 58n7, 83–106, 112, 125, 147, 187, 239–41, 264n2. See also historians, environmental

environmental justice, 112, 123

environmental timeline, 183, 193

erosion, xvii, 181–195

ESRI (GIS software manufacturer), xiii, 24n40, 59n8, 92, 139. See also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software

ESRI Press, xi. See also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software

ethnicity, 6–11, 61–63, 67–68, 74, 78, 79n6,127, 130, 227, 273

ethnography, 19

farms, 86–99, 102–3, 197–200, 206–10, 214–19, 221, 223, 240, 248–56, 258–64, 268n53. See also agriculture

abandoned farms, 198–99, 206–10, 214

census farms, 198, 208, 209, 210

Faucher, Louis-Jean, viii, 139, 140

Fawcett, Edgar, 5, 22n15

Fernow, Bernhard, 206, 222n41

field observations, 184, 185, 190, 202

fire insurance plans, xv, 17, 18, 47–49, 54, 64, 94, 95, 96. See also Goad, Charles E.

Fires, 9, 102, 103, 153–76

First Nations, 5, 145, 147, 240, 279. See also Aboriginal peoples; Indigenous peoples

Forbidden City, 2, 11, 13, 16, 20. See also Un-Forbidden City

forest biomass inventory, 203

forest reversion, 199, 204, 216

foresters, xvi, xvii, 104, 111, 113, 114, 121, 125, 127, 201, 202, 206

Fort Rupert, British Columbia, 5

Fortin, Marcel, xvi, 48, 240

Foucault, Michel, 3, 14, 21n5, 21n10

fox tax, 210

Frank, Zephyr, 234

Free Church of Scotland, 66

fuel

cooking, 137

storage, 59

use, xviii, 214–15, 239–64, 265n12. See also energy consumption

Fujian, 227

Gaffield, Chad, xii, 285n14

gas, including natural gas, 53, 59, 167, 174, 222, 242, 243, 245, 250, 265n12

gasoline, 244, 263, 268n53

General Register of Chinese Immigration, 225–28

geocoding, 64, 284

geographers, ix, xi, xii, xvi, xvii, xviii, 11, 18, 19, 28, 105, 139, 146, 176, 184, 193, 198, 206, 219

historical, xi, xii, xvii, 85, 182, 184

urban, 1

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, x, xi, xiii, 24n40, 27–28, 33, 56, 64, 91–92, 139, 145, 147, 177n4, 186, 229, 240, 279

geohumanities, 2, 19

Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), 202, 205

georectified, 35, 39. See also georeferencing

georeferencing, xi, xii, 5, 17, 23n39, 24n40, 28, 33, 41, 45, 48, 50, 90–91, 93, 94, 96, 107n31, 114, 139–40, 185, 203. See also georectified; historical photographs, geotagging of

Gephi (software), 235, 236

Gilliland, Jason, xii, xiii, xvi, xixn12, xixn13, 21n3, 21n9, 22n26, 23n31, 24n41 176n1, 177n9, 178n16, 179n23

Glen, William, viii, xvii, 221n20, 221n25, 221n26, 222n34,222n35, 223n58

Global Positioning System (GPS), 37, 38, 145, 183, 185, 186, 187, 190, 193, 231, 232

Goad, Charles E., xv, 175. See also fire insurance plans

Gold Mountain, 228, 234

Google Earth (software), vii, xiii, xvi, 27–42, 57–58, 94

Google Maps, 27, 28, 29, 30, 42n3, 42n7, 92, 94. See also mashups

Google Maps API, 92, 95. See also mashups

Gould, Stephen J., 193, 195n31

Grand Trunk Railway, 37–38, 167. See also railways

Great Britain, 273

Great Britain Historical GIS Project, xi, 284, 285n9

Gréber, Jacques, 117, 118

Gregory, Ian, xi, xviiin4, xviiin10, 107n28, 108n39, 108n69, 268n54, 284, 286n29

groundtruthing, 33

Guangdong province, China, 227, 230, 232

Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, 5

Hale, Jordan, vii, 240

Haliburton County, Ontario, 84–88, 102–6

Harris, Cole, 21n10, 106n6

Harvey, Megan, xvi, 21n3, 23n34

Hatvany, Matthew, viii, xvii, 194n2, 194n6, 194n7, 194n8, 195n12

Hawaiian, 4

Hayes, Derek, vii

heritage conservation, 105

Hermansen, Sally, viii, xviii, 229, 234

Heungsan County, China, 232

Hinson, Andrew, xvii, 79n14, 79n15, 79n7

Historians

amateur, 99

American, xi

architectural, xvii, 176

Canadian, xvi, 44, 241

cultural, 1, 2,

economic, 219

environmental, 28, 44, 85, 90, 91, 199, 202, 218, 219. See also environmental history

health, 226

local, 38, 40, 85, 96,

public, 41

social, 62, 176, 241, 279,

spatial, 234

urban, 73, 78,

urban forest, 112

Historians and Geographic Information Systems use, ix–xiii, xiv, 18, 19, 27–29, 41, 44–45, 73, 84–85, 90, 99, 105, 144–47, 176, 193–94, 198, 202, 218, 219, 228–29, 240, 242

historic site designation, 34

historical geography, xvi, 90, 99, 271

Historical GIS (HGIS)

challenges in using, ix, x, xiii, xv, 17, 18, 19, 44, 47, 49, 58, 93, 94, 96, 105, 106

in history of architecture, 175

limitations, 124, 147

historical photographs, 2, 32–35, 38–40, 90–91, 93, 96, 118–21, 125, 126n18, 143, 155, 233. See also historical photographs, geotagging of

historical photographs, geotagging of, 35, 39. See also georeferencing

Historical Statistics of the United States, 221

Hoisan county, China, 232

households, 5, 17–20, 70–75, 77, 173, 178, 228, 241–43, 246–51, 256, 259–63, 279–80, 284

Howe, C. D., 107, 108, 206

Hudson’s Bay Company, 5

hydroelectric power, 29, 130, 133, 241–56, 260, 265n12, 267n35. See also electrification

Iceland, 273

imagined geographies, xviii, 227–28

immigrants, 3, 4, 16, 20, 200, 229–33, 245

immigration,

Chinese, 11, 13, 225–37. See also Chinese Canadians

inland, 86, 89

improved land, 197–200, 206–10, 217–19, 220n4, 219n8, 222n42, 267n37

income tax, 210

incubator, 261

Indian Act, Canadian, 135, 140

Indian Quarter, 6, 20

Indian Reserve, 5, 9

Indigenous land practices, xvii, 129–32, 143–49

Indigenous peoples, xvii, 2–13, 20, 129–49, 149n3, 245. See also Aboriginal peoples; Amerindians; North American Indians

industrial classification, 59

industrial development, 43–44, 47–48, 55–56, 64, 83–85, 88–90, 103, 130, 132, 167, 174, 192, 232, 239, 244–46, 258

Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Project (IPUMS), 273

intermarriage, 6, 20. See also mixed-race families

interviews,

audio, 33, 35

video, 233, 237

Iroquois or Haudenosaunee, 132, 143

Jacobs, Jane, 4, 22n11

Jacobsen, Johannes, 6, 22n20

Kahnawá:ke (Kahnawake), Québec, viii, xvii, 129–49

Kamouraska County, Québec, xvii, 182–94. See also Bay of Kamouraska, Québec

Kataratiron (Joseph Jacob), 138

Katz, Michael, 72, 74, 80n26, 80n25

kernel density technique, GIS, 77

Khakwani, Oliver, viii, 234

Klinkenberg, Brian, xiii, xiv, xixn15, 127n25

Knowles, Anne Kelly, ix, xi, xviiin2, 21n2, 21n9, 24n45, 107n27,107n28, 107n29, 107n37,265n11, 268n54

Knox Presbyterian Church, Toronto, xvii, 61–78

KPMG report, xiv

Labrador, Canada, 201

Lachandière, Jacques, 147

Lachine Canal, 30, 130, 167

Lafreniere, Don, xii, xvi, 21n3, 21n9, 22n26, 23n31, 24n40

Lai, David, 14, 22n27, 23n33

Lake Ontario, xvi, 34, 35, 36, 45, 48, 54, 57, 77, 83, 84, 86, 88, 100, 104

Land Information Ontario (LIO), vii

land surveyors, 13, 50, 103–4, 132–34, 138, 143–44, 201

land surveys, xvi, 35, 36, 49, 50, 54, 85, 86, 103, 104, 129–46, 148–49, 163–64, 199, 201–3, 205–6

forest surveys, 201, 203

photographic surveys, 200–201

land tenure, 131, 134

land use, x, xv, 17, 47, 49, 89, 90, 92, 93, 98–99, 104–5, 133–34, 138, 140–46, 198, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 218, 219, 221, 244

land use change, 198, 200, 202, 208, 213–14, 219

land, cleared under-reported, 208, 209, 210, 219

land, crop under-reporting, 197, 198, 208, 209, 210, 219

Lefebvre, Henri, 3, 20, 21, 177

librarians, x, xi, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, 41, 48, 64, 85, 233

changing role of, x, 48–49

data, map, and GIS librarians, x, xv, xvi, 28, 29, 33, 44, 48, 64, 85, 240

libraries, xiv, xv, xvii, 48, 49, 58, 91, 93–94, 114, 139, 187, 226, 232, 233, 234, 277

changing role of libraries, 44–45

map libraries, vii, xv, 28, 33, 37, 40–41, 44–45, 48, 58, 91, 222

Library and Archives Canada, vii, xv, 28, 226, 234, 277, 285n1

lighting

electric, 246–50, 260–63

lighting, 255, 256

loans and financing, 139, 157, 168, 171, 173, 174, 178n14, 178n21, 228

Lost Rivers, advocacy group, vii, 57

lumber, 49, 54, 88, 100, 102, 164, 167, 214, 216. See also timber; wood

Lutz, John, xvi, 21n3, 21n9, 22n14, 22n26, 23n34, 149n3

Macdonald, John A., 139, 151n45, 168

MacEachern, Alan, vii, xiii, 221n30, 264n2

MacFadyen, Joshua D., vii, xvii

MacFarlane, Daniel, vii, xvi, 29, 42n1

Mandarin, language, 232

Manitoba, province, 200, 201, 260, 266n27

Mannahatta project, New York City, xii, xviii–xixn11

maple trees, 114, 117, 124, 132

Manitoba maples, 124

Norway maples, 114, 126n15

silver maples, 117, 124

maps

accuracy of, 50, 51

cadastral, 17, 18, 24, 129, 131, 140, 148, 155, 185, 187, 198, 199, 202, 205, 214, 218–19

historical interpretation, 50, 55, 193, 214, 228. See also aerial photography, historical interpretation; historical photographs

National Topographic Service (NTS), 202, 221n28

topographic, 48, 86, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 146. See also data, topographic

marshes, xvii, 44, 45, 50, 54, 59, 85

salt marshes, xvii, 181–94

Marvin, Jenny, xvii

mashups, 33. See also Google Earth (software); Google Maps; Google Maps API

Massena, New York, 29

Massey, Doreen, 1, 20, 21n1, 24n47

Mawani, Renisa, 4, 14, 22n11, 22n13, 22n25, 23n33

McAuliffe, Terry, vii

McDougald, Thomas, 214, 216

McInnis, Marvin, 107, 219, 220, 223n62

Metcalf, Cameron, xvii

Métis, 135

microdata, census, 271–286. See also Census of Canada; data, Census of Canada

Microsoft, 94

Microsoft Excel (software), 96, 177, 187, 229

migration nodes, 228

migration patterns, 232, 234, 235, 236

mills, vii, 39, 40, 59n7, 87, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 255, 263

pulp and paper, 59n7, 244, 255

saw mills, 6, 59n7, 86, 94, 96, 101, 102. See also lumber

windmills, 263

Mills, Helen, vii

Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, 93. See also Land Information Ontario (LIO)

Ministry of Natural Resources, Quebec, 189

Minnesota Population Center (MPC), 273

Mitchell, Peta, 18, 19, 24n44

mixed-race families, 6, 9, 10, 20. See also intermarriage

Mohawks (Kahnawá:kehró:non), xvii, 129–49

Moldofsky, Byron, viii, xviii, 240, 286n20

Mont-Saint-Michel, France, 182, 192

Montreal, xii, xvii, 11, 69, 113, 121, 129, 130, 132, 153–176, 230

Great Fire of 1852, 153, 178n3

Montreal region, 129–44

St. Mary Street, 155, 157, 158, 163–64, 167, 173–76, 177n3, 178n20, 179n24

Mulvany, Charles Pelham, 76, 80n30

Murray River watershed, Prince Edward Island, 212, 213–14

narrative, 11, 90, 99, 101–2, 125, 145, 147, 176, 198, 211, 218, 229, 231, 244, 258

National Topographic Data Base (NTDB), xiv

natural processes, 190–93

Network in Canadian History and Environment (NiCHE), vii, xiii, xix, 42, 48, 91

New Brunswick, Canada, 67, 201, 206, 210, 246

New York State, 29

Newberry Library, Chicago, xi

Newfoundland, Canada, 132, 230, 266n27

Niagara Falls, Ontario, 34, 266n29

Niagara Region, Ontario, 28, 33, 40

North American Indians, 9, 11. See also Aboriginal peoples; Indigenous peoples

Norway, 273

Nova Scotia, Canada, 206, 210, 246, 260, 266n27

occupational categorization, 69, 76, 77

Ohionkoton (Angus Jacob), 136, 150n32

oil furnaces, 242

Oka Crisis, 143, 151

Olson, Sherry, viii, xii, xiii, xvii, xixn12, 11, 21, 23, 176n1, 176n2, 177n7, 177n9

Ontario County Map Project, 59

Ontario, Canada, xvi, xvii, 85, 92, 94, 102, 123, 210, 246, 254, 255

South-central Ontario, 83–86

Southern Ontario, 90

open access, 44, 48, 58, 284

open data, xiv

Orlandini, Rosa, 176n1

Ottawa, Ontario, xvii, 111–25

Alta Vista, 111, 119, 121–25

Lowertown, 117, 118–21, 123, 124, 125

New Edinburgh, 118, 123, 124

Ottawa Public Library, 234

overlay, GIS technique, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 56, 90, 92, 94, 96, 164

Parks Canada, 34

Parr, Joy, 241, 244, 245, 264n6, 264–65n7, 265n17, 265n20, 266n21

Parsons, H. M., 66, 69, 79n10

Pasher, Jon, viii, xvii, 112, 113

Peluso, Nancy, 144, 145, 146, 151n54, 151n60, 152n66

Peterborough County, Ontario, 88

Peterborough Examiner (newspaper), 103

Peterborough, Ontario, 84, 85, 86, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102

planning horizon, 176

Platt, Harold, 253, 265n10, 266n24

plumbers, 62, 63, 76, 78

population density, xviii, 18, 77, 123, 157, 257, 258, 264, 282

Port Dalhousie, Ontario, 34, 35, 36, 38

Port Industrial District, Toronto, 44, 54, 59n3

Potter, Jonathan, 14, 21n7, 23n32

precision, in using HGIS, 17, 23n39, 36, 107, 155, 175, 185, 187

Presbyterian Church in Canada, 66, 68, 69

Presbyterianism, 62, 68

presentism, 182

Prince Edward Island, Canada, xviii, 197–219, 246, 260

property

boundaries, 17, 86, 130, 140, 164, 202, 214–17

land expropriation, xvii, 131, 148, 154, 161, 162, 166, 172, 174–76, 179n23

ownership, 13, 18, 32, 33, 86, 124, 132, 134, 136, 138, 153, 155, 157, 167, 173–76, 198, 205, 210, 216, 217

taxation, 18, 167, 175, 200, 210

public lands, 205, 206, 210

Public Use Microdata Files (PUMF), 273, 274

pulp and paper, 244, 255

QGIS / Quantum GIS (free and open source software), xiii, 28. See also Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software

Québec, Canada, 29, 181, 246, 254, 255

Québec City, 184

race, xvi, 1–20, 112, 134, 264

racism, 2, 3, 4, 11, 14, 19, 228

radios, 252, 254, 255, 260

railways, 27, 37, 38, 46, 88, 89, 90, 93, 99–101, 102–3, 105, 130, 174, 182, 203, 210, 234, 244, 255, 256

electric railways, 256

Rajala, Richard, 201, 221n23

Reid, Gerald, 135, 150n21

remittances, 226, 228

research collaboration, ix, x, xvi, 2, 45, 48, 58, 59n985, 91, 99, 105, 175, 221n30, 233, 234, 237

research data centres, viii, 274. See also Statistics Canada

residential mobility, 71, 74, 227, 228

Richardson, Douglas, 19, 24n46

Roy, Patricia E., 14, 21n10, 22n24, 22n27, 23n33

Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), 201

Rueck, Daniel, viii, xvii, 149n1

Rundstrom, Robert, 144, 146, 147, 151n51, 151n53, 151n55, 151n64, 152n68

rural population, 86, 203, 258, 259, 263, 266n27, 267n35, 267n40, 267n41, 267n42

Sanderson, Eric, xii

Sandwell, Ruth, vii, viii, xviii, 199, 220n10, 264n2, 267n42

Saskatchewan, Canada, 135, 236, 246, 260, 266n27

satellite images, 139–40

Scale, geographic, x, 17, 47, 49, 56, 90, 93, 114, 117, 118, 153–57, 175–76, 185, 201–3, 213

Schuurman, Nadine, 146, 151n62, 152n67, 152n70

Scott, James, 149n3, 199, 200, 218, 220n12

sedimentation, 182, 190–93

sex trade workers, 5

Shapefiles, 57, 59n8, 60, 274

Shediac, New Brunswick, 201

Simon Fraser University, viii, 226

Simpkin, Sarah, 240

Skatsentie, Chief (Joseph Williams), 133–35, 150n15

Sketchup (software), 155, 168, 176n2, 177n4

smallpox, 6

social indices, xvii, 112, 117

social mobility, 74, 75, 155

Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), viii, xiii, 21, 112, 226, 240

Songhees, 4–6, 9–11

Southall, Humphrey, xi

space syntax, 155, 175, 177n8, 177n9, 179n24

spatial analysis, viii, 2, 31, 63, 90, 104, 105, 112, 113, 125, 229, 279

spatial history, xi, xii, 1, 11, 29, 33, 41, 44, 47, 55, 234, 272. See also geohumanities; historical GIS (HGIS)

spatial patterns, xi, xvi, xviii, 2, 14, 32, 63, 78, 85, 90, 91, 99, 105, 114–15, 184, 234, 277

spatial statistics, xii, 77

spatio-temporal, 1, 18, 20, 95, 115, 184, 187, 193, 231, 234, 235

split families, 228

spruce, white (Picea gluaca), 203, 208, 210, 211, 214

SPSS (software), 229, 279. See also statistical software

St. Lawrence Estuary, xvii, 181–94

St. Lawrence Power Project, 32

St. Lawrence River, 29, 130, 131

St. Lawrence Seaway, xvi, 27–33, 36, 130

Stanford University Spatial History Lab, viii, xii, 234

statistical analysis, 18, 77, 112, 117, 124, 125, 198, 200, 209, 213, 226, 237, 246, 256, 258

statistical software, 229, 272, 282

Statistics Canada, viii, 249, 258, 260, 261, 266n33, 285n1, 285n2

Steiner, Erik, 234, 235

street network, 64, 174, 177n8

suburban development, 46, 121–23, 232

sugarbush, 132–34, 138, 141–43

Sunwoy county, China, 232

Sweeny, Robert, xii, xiii, 176n1, 176n2, 178n13, 178n18

talking map, 38

Tam, Edith, viii, 232

text-mapping, 14

the substitution (legal mechanism), 173, 178

Thiretha (Peter Diome), 138

Tian, H. Q., 200, 221n19, 223n64

timber, 86–90, 94, 96

timber industry, 101–5. See also lumber; wood

Toronto, Ontario, vii, xvi, xvii, 43–58, 61–78, 121

Ashbridge’s Bay, 44, 54

Ashbridge’s Bay Marsh, 44, 59n3

Toronto Harbour, 44, 45, 47, 54

transactional space, 11, 16

Trent University, 84, 91

Trent University Archives, vii

Trent University Library, vii, 91, 93

Trent-Severn Waterway, 86, 89, 90, 99, 102, 103

Trigger, Rosalyn, 69, 79n4, 80, 176

Trust and Loan Company of Upper Canada,, 168

Turkel, William J., vii, xiii, 107–108n38, 221n30, 264n2

Un-Forbidden City, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20. See also Forbidden City

Underwriters’ Survey Bureau, xv. See also fire insurance plans

unidirectional, 193

United States, x, xi, xii, xiii, 29, 71, 88, 102, 103, 121, 123, 184, 190, 199, 200, 206, 213, 225, 228, 242, 263, 273, 284

University of British Columbia (UBC), viii, xiii, 226, 229, 232, 233, 234, 237

University of British Columbia Asian Library, 232

University of Toronto Map and Data Library, vii, 52, 57

urban forest, 111–25

urban form, xii, xv, xvi, xvii, 1– 20, 44–47, 49, 111–25, 153–76, 228

urban renewal, 112, 118, 121, 124, 125

urbanization, 239, 242, 246, 258

vacuum cleaners (electric), 252, 254, 255

Vankoughnet, Lawrence, 136, 150n16, 150n18, 150n20, 150n24, 150n25, 150n26, 150n28, 150n29, 150n30, 150n34, 150n35, 150n36, 151n39, 151n41, 151n42, 151n44

Victoria, British Columbia, xvi, 1–20, 228, 229, 266

ViHistory Project (Vancouver Island History Project), 17

Walbank map, 139, 140, 145

Walbank Survey, 130–32, 139, 145

Walbank, William Mclea, 130–40, 144, 149, 150n10, 150n16, 150n18, 150n20, 150n25, 150n26, 150n29, 150n30, 150n34, 150n35, 150n36, 151n39, 151n41, 151n42, 151n43, 151n44, 151n45, 152n74

Ward, Peter W., viii, 14, 21, 23, 226, 237

water, running, 242, 250, 251, 252, 253

watersheds, ix, 33, 45, 46, 48, 52, 57, 84, 104, 198, 202, 207, 211-214, 219

Welland Canal, 31, 33, 34, 36

Welland Canals, historic, xvi, 29, 33, 35

West River Watershed, Prince Edward Island, 212, 213

Western University Map Library, vii

wetlands, 45, 47, 50, 94, 182, 184, 202, 203, 210, 212, 215

White, Richard, xi, xii, xviiin5, 1, 21n2, 59n4, 107n27

Whiteread, Rachel, 1, 2, 20, 21

Wilmot River Watershed, Prince Edward Island, 212, 213

Winnipeg, Manitoba, 114, 260, 266n29

women, 5, 13, 135, 199, 228, 241, 242, 251, 273

women’s work, 242

wood, 5, 96, 100, 132, 134, 136, 138, 147, 212, 214, 242, 243. See also timber; lumber

firewood, 134, 138, 242, 243

fuelwood, 136, 137, 214, 215, 242, 243

hardwood, 102, 203, 212, 214, 215, 216

mixedwood, 212, 213, 214

pulpwood, 214

softwood, 203, 212, 214, 215, 216

studwood, 214

woodland, 46, 112, 113, 199, 221n38

woodlots, 88, 103, 121, 122, 163, 199, 206, 214, 216, 218

Wright, Miriam, 230

Yu, Henry, viii, xviii, 226, 228, 229, 233, 234, 235

Yuen, Eleanor, viii, 232

Zeller, Suzanne, 200, 220n15

Zhang, Feng, 226

Znamirowski, Barbara, vii, viii, xvii

zoom, as a form of analysis, 37, 56, 107n31, 154–55, 171, 175, 187

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