Environmental
Activism on
the Ground
Canadian History and Environment Series
SERIES EDITOR: Alan MacEachern
ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online)
The Canadian History & Environment series brings together scholars from across the academy and beyond to explore the relationships between people and nature in Canada’s past.
Alan MacEachern, Founding Director
NiCHE: Network in Canadian History & Environment
Nouvelle initiative canadienne en histoire de l’environnement
No. 1 ∙ A Century of Parks Canada, 1911–2011
Edited by Claire Elizabeth Campbell
No. 2 ∙ Historical GIS Research in Canada
Edited by Jennifer Bonnell and Marcel Fortin
No. 3 ∙ Mining and Communities in Northern Canada: History, Politics, and Memory
Edited by Arn Keeling and John Sandlos
No. 4 ∙ Canadian Countercultures and the Environment
Edited by Colin M. Coates
No. 5 ∙ Moving Natures: Mobility and the Environment in Canadian History
Edited by Ben Bradley, Jay Young, and Colin M. Coates
No. 6 ∙ Border Flows: A Century of the Canadian-American Water Relationship
Edited by Lynne Heasley and Daniel Macfarlane
No. 7 ∙ Ice Blink: Navigating Northern Environmental History
Edited by Stephen Bocking and Brad Martin
No. 8 ∙ Animal Metropolis: Histories of Human-Animal Relations in Urban Canada
Edited by Joanna Dean, Darcy Ingram, and Christabelle Sethna
No. 9 ∙ Environmental Activism on the Ground: Small Green and Indigenous Organizing
Edited by Jonathan Clapperton and Liza Piper
Canadian History and Environment Series
ISSN 1925-3702 (Print) ISSN 1925-3710 (Online)
© 2019 Jonathan Clapperton and Liza Piper
University of Calgary Press
2500 University Drive NW
Calgary, Alberta
Canada T2N 1N4
press.ucalgary.ca
This book is available as an ebook which is licensed under a Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Environmental activism on the ground : small green and Indigenous organizing / edited by Jonathan Clapperton and Liza Piper.
(Canadian history and environment series ; 9)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Issued in print and electronic formats.
ISBN 978-1-77385-004-7 (softcover).—ISBN 978-1-77385-006-1
(PDF).—ISBN 978-1-77385-007-8 (EPUB).—ISBN 978-1-77385-008-5
(Kindle).—ISBN 978-1-77385-005-4 (open access PDF)
1. Environmentalism—Case studies. 2. Indigenous peoples—
Politics and government—Case studies. 3. Case studies. I. Piper, Liza,
1978-, editor—II. Clapperton, Jonathan, 1981-, editor III. Series: Canadian
history and environment series ; 9
GE195.E58 2019 333.72 C2018-906251-7
C2018-906252-5
The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program.
This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Cover image: First Nations raising a traditional welcome figure at the legislature during the Meares Island protest in October 1984. Victoria Times Colonist file photo.
Copyediting by Peter Enman
Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano