Contents

Illustrations

Acknowledgements

Introduction: In the Shadow of the Green Giants: Environmentalism and Civic Engagement

Jonathan Clapperton & Liza Piper

Part 1: Processes and Possibilities

1    Strategies for Survival: First Nations Encounters with Environmentalism

Anna J. Willow

2    Native/Non-Native Alliances Challenging Fossil Fuel Industry Shipping at Pacific Northwest Ports

Zoltán Grossman

3    Conserving Contested Ground: Sovereignty-Driven Stewardship by the White Mountain Apache Tribe and the Fort Apache Heritage Foundation

John R. Welch

4    From Southern Alberta to Northern Brazil: Indigenous Conservation and the Preservation of Cultural Resources

Sterling Evans

5    Parks For and By the People: Acknowledging Ordinary People in the Formation, Protection, and Use of State and Provincial Parks

Jessica M. DeWitt

Part 2: Histories

6    Alternatives: Environmental and Indigenous Activism in the 1970s

Liza Piper

7    Marmion Lake Generating Station: Another Northern Scandal?

Tobasonakwut Peter Kinew

8    Environmental Activism as Anti-Conquest:
The Nuu-chah-nulth and Environmentalists in the Contact Zone of Clayoquot Sound

Jonathan Clapperton

9    Local Economic Independence as Environmentalism:
Nova Scotia in the 1970s

Mark Leeming

10   “Not an Easy Thing to Implement”: The Conservation Council of New Brunswick and Environmental Organization in a Resource-Dependent Province, 1969–1983

Mark J. McLaughlin

11   The Ebb and Flow of Local Environmentalist Activism:
The Society for Pollution and Environmental Control (SPEC), British Columbia

Jonathan Clapperton

12   From Social Movement to Environmental Behemoth: How Greenpeace Got Big

Frank Zelko

Afterword: Lessons and Directions from the Ground Up

Jonathan Clapperton & Liza Piper

Bibliography

List of Contributors

Index