Illustrations
1.1 Canada, with its current provincial and territorial borders.
2.1 Historical Treaties of Canada. Developed from Canada, “Historical Treaties of Canada,” Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada,https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ/STAGING/texte-text/htoc_1100100032308_eng.pdf.
3.1 British North America’s settler political boundaries as they existed in 1867. Developed from Natural Resources Canada, “Map 1867,” Library and Archives Canada, https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-5005-e.html.
3.2 The Charlottetown delegates, 1 September 1864. photograph by George P. Roberts, LAC, C-000733.
6.1 The Red River settlement, 1870, showing the locations of the predominantly French and English parishes. Developed from: Gerhard J. Ens, Homeland to Hinterland: The Changing Worlds of the Metis in the Nineteenth Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996), 11; Gerald Friesen, The Canadian Prairies: A History (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987), 91; Norma Jean Hall, “The People,” The Provisional Government of Assiniboia, https://hallnjean2.wordpress.com/resources/definition-provisional-government/the-people-electorate/; George Stanley, The Birth of Western Canada: A History of The Riel Rebellions, 2nd edition (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1961), 14.
6.2 Manitoba’s expansion, 1870–1912. Reproduced with permission from John Welsted et al. “Manitoba: Geographical Identity of a Prairie Province,” The Geography of Manitoba: Its Land and Its People, eds. John C. Everitt, Christoph Stadel and John E. Welsted (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1996), 5.
7.1 The BC delegation of Dr. J.S. Helmcken, Dr. R.W.W. Carrall and J.W. Trutch departing for Ottawa to negotiate the terms of union with Canada. Image PDP00488 by Robert Banks, courtesy of the Royal BC Museum and Archives.
8.1 Yukon miners being chased from power by the Yukon Council and Ottawa “monsters.” Dawson Daily, 19 May 1903.
9.1 The North-West demanding “justice” for the North-West. The Grip, November 1883.
9.2 The proposed province of “Buffalo.” Reproduced with permission from Bill Waiser, Saskatchewan: A New History (Calgary: Fifth House, 2006).
9.3 Laurier as the proud father of two provincial “twins.” Montreal Daily Star, 23 February 1905.
10.1 The Ottawa Delegation of the National Convention, 1947. Photographer: G. Hunter. LAC, MIKAN 3362966.
10.2 Anti-Confederate Campaign, 1948. Courtesy of the Rooms Provincial Archives Division, George Carter Collection, Box 5, MG910.
10.3 The Confederate, 31 May 1948, 3.
10.4 Rt. Hon. Louis St. Laurent speaking during the ceremony which admitted Newfoundland into Confederation. Ottawa, Ontario, 1 April 1949. LAC, MIKAN 3408569.
11.1 Canada at the beginning of the 20th century, before the federal government created Alberta as well as Saskatchewan, and extended the northern boundaries of Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. Developed from Natural Resources Canada, “Map 1898,” Library and Archives Canada, https://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-5009-e.html.
11.2 Northern NDP MP Peter Ittinuar. NWT Archives/©GNWT. Department of Public Works and Services/G-1995-001: 0539.
11.3 Nunavut, as established in 1999. Reproduced from: “Nunavut with Names,” Natural Resources Canada, http://ftp.geogratis.gc.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/raster/atlas_6_ed/reference/bilingual/nunavut_names.pdf.
11.4 The Northwest Territories after the establishment of Nunavut in 1999. Reproduced from: “Northwest Territories with Names,” http://ftp.geogratis.gc.ca/pub/nrcan_rncan/raster/atlas_6_ed/reference/bilingual/nwt_names.pdf.