Skip to main content

The Material Mind: References

The Material Mind
References
    • Notifications
    • Privacy
  • Project HomeThe Material Mind
  • Projects
  • Learn more about Manifold

Notes

Show the following:

  • Annotations
  • Resources
Search within:

Adjust appearance:

  • font
    Font style
  • color scheme
  • Margins
table of contents
  1. Half Title Page
  2. BSPS Open Series
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright Page
  5. Contents
  6. List of Figures
  7. Foreword and Acknowledgements
  8. Introduction
  9. Chapter 1: Unity of Science and Reduction
    1. 1. Introduction
    2. 2. Deductive and Ontological Unification
    3. 3. The Deductive-Nomological Model of Reduction
    4. 4. The Model of Reduction by Analogy
    5. 5. The Reduction of Thermodynamics to Classical Mechanics
    6. 6. The Synthetic Model of Reduction
    7. 7. The Reduction of Cognitive Phenomena by Neurophysiology: Elimination or Co-Evolution?
    8. 8. Conclusion
  10. Chapter 2: Can Reductive Explanations Be Constructed A Priori?
    1. 1. Introduction
    2. 2. A Priori Reduction in the Framework of Two-Dimensional Semantics
    3. 3. Two Concepts of Reduction and Realization: Micro-Macro and Role-Occupant
    4. 4. Multi-Realizability
    5. 5. Conclusion
  11. Chapter 3: Cognitive Abilities as Macroscopic Dispositional Properties
    1. 1. Introduction
    2. 2. General Arguments against the Efficacy of Dispositions
    3. 3. Dispositional and Theoretical Properties
    4. 4. The Epiphenomenal Trilemma of Macroscopic Dispositions
    5. 5. The Example of Colour Representation
    6. 6. Dispositional Properties with Multiple Manifestations
    7. 7. Conclusion
  12. Chapter 4: Emergent Properties
    1. 1. Introduction
    2. 2. Minimal Conditions and Weak Emergence
    3. 3. Broad and the Epistemic Conception of Emergence
    4. 4. Strong Emergence in Terms of the Impossibility of Deduction
    5. 5. Emergence as Non-Aggregativity
    6. 6. Emergence in Terms of Non-Linear Interaction and Mill’s Principle of the Composition of Causes
    7. 7. Qualitative and Quantitative Difference
    8. 8. The Limits of Explaining Emergent Properties
    9. 9. Avoiding Panpsychism
    10. 10. Response to a Version of Kripke’s Argument against the Identity Theory
    11. 11. Emergence, Reduction, and Supervenience
    12. 12. Conclusion
  13. Chapter 5: The Causal Efficacy of High-Level Properties
    1. 1. Introduction
    2. 2. Causality, Causal Responsibility, and Causal Explanation
    3. 3. Mental Causation and Downward Causation
      1. 3.1. Macrocausation without an Underlying Microscopic Mechanism
      2. 3.2. Kim’s Argument against Mental Causation: Preliminaries
      3. 3.3. The First Part of Kim’s Argument: No Mental Causation without Downward Causation
      4. 3.4. The Second Part of Kim’s Argument: No Downward Causation
    4. 4. Mental Properties or Physical Properties Conceived with Mental Concepts?
    5. 5. Conclusion
  14. Conclusion
  15. References
  16. Index

References

Achinstein, Peter. 1974. “The Identity of Properties.” American Philosophical Quarterly 11, no. 4: 257–75.

Alexander, Samuel. 1920. Space, Time and Deity. 2 vols. London: Macmillan.

Alston, William P. 1971. “Dispositions, Occurrences and Ontology.” In Dispositions, edited by R. Tuomela, 359–88. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1978.

Anderson, P.W. 1972. “More Is Different: Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science.” Science 177, no. 4047: 393–96.

Antony, Louise. 1991. “The Causal Relevance of the Mental: More on the Mattering of Minds.” Mind and Language 6: 295–327.

Antony, Louise M., and Joseph Levine. 1997. “Reduction with Autonomy.” In Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 83–105. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Armstrong, David M. 1968. A Materialist Theory of Mind. London: Blackwell.

———. 1973. “Beliefs as States.” In Dispositions, edited by Raimo Tuomela, 411–25. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1978.

———. 1978. Universals and Scientific Realism. 2 vols. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1983. What Is a Law of Nature? Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1996. “Place’s and Armstrong’s Views Compared and Contrasted.” In Dispositions: A Debate, by David M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin, and U.T. Place, edited by Tim Crane, 33–48. London: Routledge.

———. 1997. A World of States of Affairs. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1999. “The Causal Theory of Properties: Properties According to Shoemaker, Ellis and Others.” Philosophical Topics 26: 25–37; also in Metaphysica 1 (2000): 5–20.

Ashcroft, N.W., and N.D. Mermin. 1976. Solid State Physics. Philadelphia: Saunders College.

Baker, Lynne Rudder. 1993. “Metaphysics and Mental Causation.” In Mental Causation, edited by John Heil and Alfred Mele, 75–96. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

———. 1998. “What We Do: A Nonreductive Account of Mental Causation.” In Human Action, Deliberation, and Causation, edited by Jan Bransen and Stefaan E. Cuypers, 249–70. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Balzer, Wolfgang, C.U. Moulines, and J. Sneed. 1987. An Architectonic for Science. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Barlow, Horace. 1972. “Single Units and Sensation: A Neuron Doctrine for Perceptual Physiology.” Perception 1: 371–94.

Batterman, Robert W. 1995. “Theories between Theories.” Synthese 103: 171–201.

———. 2002. The Devil in the Details: Asymptotic Reasoning in Explanation, Reduction, and Emergence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bechtel, William. 2009. “Looking down, around, and Up: Mechanistic Explanation in Psychology.” Philosophical Psychology 22: 543–64.

Bechtel, William, and Robert Richardson. 1992. “Emergent Phenomena and Complex Systems.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 257–88. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Beckermann, Ansgar. 1992. “Introduction — Reductive and Nonreductive Physicalism.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 1–21. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Bedau, Mark A. 1997. “Weak Emergence.” In Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 375–99. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Bennett, Jonathan. 1988. Events and Their Names. Indianapolis: Hackett.

Bennett, Karen. 2003. “Why the Exclusion Problem Seems Intractable, and How, Just Maybe, to Tract It.” Noûs 37: 471–97.

Bernal Velasquez, Reinaldo J. 2012. E-Physicalism: A Physicalist Theory of Phenomenal Consciousness. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag.

Besson, Jean-Marie. 1992. La Douleur. Paris: Odile Jacob.

Bickle, John. 1992. “Mental Anomaly and Mind-Brain Reductionism.” Philosophy of Science 59: 217–30.

———. 1998. Psychoneural Reduction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

———. 2003. Philosophy and Neuroscience: A Ruthlessly Reductive Account. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Bird, Alexander. 1998. “Dispositions and Antidotes.” Philosophical Quarterly 48: 227–34.

———. 2007. Nature’s Metaphysics: Laws and Properties. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Blackburn, Simon. 1990. “Filling in Space.” Analysis 50: 62–65.

———. 1993. “Losing Your Mind: Physics, Identity, and Folk Burglar Prevention.” In Essays in Quasi-Realism, 229–54. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Block, Ned. 1990. “Can the Mind Change the World?” In Meaning and Method: Essays in Honour of Hilary Putnam, edited by G. Boolos, 137–70. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1997. “Anti-Reductionism Slaps Back.” In Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 107–32. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Block, Ned, and Robert Stalnaker. 1999. “Conceptual Analysis, Dualism, and the Explanatory Gap.” Philosophical Review 108: 1–46.

Braddon-Mitchell, David, and Frank Jackson. 1996. The Philosophy of Mind and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Broad, C.D. 1925. The Mind and Its Place in Nature. London: Harcourt, Brace. (Reprinted, London: Routledge, 2000.)

Bunge, Mario. 1977. “Emergence and the Mind.” Neuroscience 2: 501–09.

———. 2003. Emergence and Convergence: Qualitative Novelty and the Unity of Knowledge. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Byrne, Alex. 1999. “Cosmic Hermeneutics.” Philosophical Perspectives 13: Epistemology, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 347–83. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Campbell, Donald T. 1974. “Downward Causation.” In Studies in the Philosophy of Biology: Reduction and Related Problems, edited by F.J. Ayala and T. Dobhzansky, 179–86. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Campbell, H.F. 1860. “Caffeine as an Antidote to the Poisonous Narcotism of Opium.” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 63: 101–04.

Campbell, Keith. 1990. Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Blackwell.

Carnap, Rudolf. 1936–37. “Testability and Meaning.” Philosophy of Science 3 (1936): 420–71; “Testability and Meaning II.” Philosophy of Science 4 (1937): 1–40.

———. 1956. Meaning and Necessity. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Carnot, Sadi. 1824. Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance. Paris: Bachelier.

Caro, Paul. 1995. De l’eau: Questions de science. Paris: Hachette.

Carroll, John. 1994. Laws of Nature. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Cartwright, Nancy. 1983. How the Laws of Physics Lie. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

———. 1989. Nature’s Capacities and Their Measurement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 1999. The Dappled World. A Study of the Boundaries of Science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Causey, Robert L. 1977. Unity of Science. Dordrecht: Reidel.

Chalmers, David. 1996. The Conscious Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 2004. “The Foundations of Two-Dimensional Semantics.” In Two-Dimensional Semantics: Foundations and Applications, edited by J. Garcia-Carpintero and J. Macia, 55–140. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://.

Chalmers, David, and Frank Jackson. 2001. “Conceptual Analysis and Reductive Explanation.” Philosophical Review 110: 315–60.

Charles, David. 1992. “Supervenience, Composition, and Physicalism.” In Reduction, Explanation, and Realism, edited by David Charles and Kathleen Lennon, 265–96. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Churchland, Patricia S. 1986. Neurophilosophy: Toward a Unified Science of the Mind-Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Churchland, Patricia S., and T.J. Sejnowski. 1992. The Computational Brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Churchland, Paul M. 1979. Scientific Realism and the Plasticity of Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1985. “Reduction, Qualia, and the Direct Introspection of Brain States.” Journal of Philosophy 82: 8–28.

Churchland, Paul M., and Patricia S. Churchland. 1994. “Intertheoretic Reduction: A Neuroscientist’s Field Guide.” In The Mind-Body Problem, edited by Richard Warner and Tadeusz Szubka, 41–54. Oxford: Blackwell.

Clark, Andy. 2008. Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Clark, Andy, and David Chalmers. 1998. “The Extended Mind.” Analysis 58: 10–23.

Clark, Austen. 1993. Sensory Qualities. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude, Bernard Diu, and Franck Laloë. 1977. Mécanique quantique. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Paris: Hermann.

Conway, Bevil R., Soumya Chatterjee, Greg D. Field, Gregory D. Horwitz, Elizabeth N. Johnson, Kowa Koida, and Katherine Mancuso. 2010. “Advances in Color Science: From Retina to Behavior.” Journal of Neuroscience 30: 14955–63.

Crane, Tim. 1995. “The Mental Causation Debate.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, supplementary volume, 69: 211–36.

Crane, Tim, and D.H. Mellor. 1990. “There Is No Question of Physicalism.” Mind 99: 185–206.

Craver, Carl F. 2007. Explaining the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

Craver, Carl F., and William Bechtel. 2007. “Top-Down Causation without Top-Down Causes.” Biology and Philosophy 22: 547–63.

Craver, Carl F., and Lindley Darden. 2013. In Search of Mechanisms: Discoveries across the Life Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Crisp, Thomas M., and Ted A. Warfield. 2001. “Kim’s Master Argument.” Noûs 35: 304–16.

Cummins, Robert. 1983. The Nature of Psychological Explanation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Darden, Lindley, and Nancy Maull. 1977. “Interfield Theories.” Philosophy of Science 44: 43–64.

Davidson, Donald. 1963. “Actions, Reasons, and Causes.” In Essays on Actions and Events, by Donald Davidson, 3–19. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.

———. 1970. “Mental Events.” In Essays on Actions and Events, by Donald Davidson, 207–27. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.

———. 1980. Essays on Actions and Events. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

———. 1993. “Thinking Causes.” In Mental Causation, edited by J. Heil and A. Mele, 3–19. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

———. 1995. “Laws and Cause.” Dialectica 49” 263–79.

Dretske, Fred. 1988. Explaining Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Drude, Paul. 1900. “Zur Elektronentheorie der Metalle.” Annalen der Physik 306, no. 3: 566–613.

Duhem, Pierre. 1906. La théorie physique. Reprinted, Paris: Vrin, 1981.

Duncan, C.P. 1949. “The Retroactive Effect of Electroshock on Learning.” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 42: 32–44.

Earman, John, and John Roberts. 1999. “Ceteris Paribus, There Is no Problem of Provisos.” Synthese 118: 439–78.

Eells, Ellery. 1991. Probabilistic Causality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ehring, Douglas. 1996. “Mental Causation, Determinables and Property Instances.” Noûs 30, no. 4: 461–80.

———. 1997. Causation and Persistence: A Theory of Causation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Einstein, Albert. 1902. “Kinetische Theorie des Wärmegleichgewichts und des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik.” Annalen der Physik 9: 417–33.

———. 1903. “Eine Theorie der Grundlagen der Thermodynamik.” Annalen der Physik 11: 170–87.

Enc, Berent. 1983. “In Defense of the Identity Theory.” Journal of Philosophy 80: 279–98.

Endicott, Ronald. 1998. “Collapse of the New Wave.” Journal of Philosophy 95: 53–72.

Esfeld, Michael, and Christian Sachse. 2011. Conservative Reductionism. New York: Routledge.

Fales, Evan. 1990. Causation and Universals. London: Routledge.

Feigl, Herbert. 1958. “The ‘Mental’ and the ‘Physical.’” In Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 2, edited by G. Maxwell, H. Feigl, and M. Scriven, 370–497. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Reprinted as a monograph, The “Mental” and the “Physical”: The Essay and a Postscript. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1967.)

Feltz, Bernard. 1995. “Le réductionnisme en biologie: Approches historiques et épistémologique.” Revue philosophique de Louvain 93, nos. 1–2: 9–32.

Feyerabend, Paul K. 1962. “Explanation, Reduction and Empiricism.” In Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 3, edited by H. Feigl and G. Maxwell, 28–97. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Fodor, Jerry A. 1974. “Special Sciences, or the Disunity of Science as a Working Hypothesis.” In Representations, by Jerry A. Fodor, 127–45. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981.

———. 1989. “Making Mind Matter More.” Philosophical Topics 17, no. 1: 59–79.

Funkhouser, Eric. 2006. “The Determinable-Determinate Relation.” Noûs 40: 548–69.

Gallistel, Charles R. 1990. The Organization of Learning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gardner, Howard. 1982. Developmental Psychology: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown.

Gibbs, J. Willard. 1902. Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics. Reprinted, New York: Dover, 1960.

Gillett, Carl. 2016. Reduction and Emergence in Science and Philosophy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Girill, T.R. 1976. “Evaluating Micro-Explanations.” Erkenntnis 10: 387–405.

Glennan, Stuart S. 1996. “Mechanism and the Nature of Causation.” Erkenntnis 44: 49–71.

———. 2010. “Mechanisms, Causes, and the Layered Model of the World.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 81: 362–81.

Glymour, Clark. 1970. “On Some Patterns of Reduction.” Philosophy of Science 37: 340–53.

Gold, Ian, and Daniel Stoljar. 1999. “A Neuron Doctrine in the Philosophy of Neuroscience.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 5: 585–642.

Goodman, Nelson. 1983. Fact, Fiction, and Forecast. 4th ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Grelling, Kurt, and Paul Oppenheim. 1937–38. “Der Gestaltbegriff im Lichte der neuen Logik.” Erkenntnis 7: 211–25; “Supplementary Remarks on the Concept of Gestalt.” Erkenntnis 7: 357–59.

———. 1939. “Concerning the Structure of Wholes.” Philosophy of Science 6: 487–88.

Haas–Spohn, Ulrike. 1995. Versteckte Indexikalität und subjektive Bedeutung. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

———. 1997. “The Context Dependency of Natural Kind Terms.” In Direct Reference, Indexicality, and Propositional Attitudes, edited by Wolfgang Künne, Albert Newen, and Martin Anduschus, 276–90. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.

Hall, Zach W. 1992. An Introduction to Molecular Neurobiology. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

Hardcastle, Valerie Gray. 1998. “On the Matter of Minds and Mental Causation.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 58: 1–25.

Hardin, C.L. 1988. Color for Philosophers: Unweaving the Rainbow. Indianapolis: Hackett.

Harré, Rom. 1986. Varieties of Realism. Oxford: Blackwell.

———. 1997. “Is There a Basic Ontology for the Physical Sciences?” Dialectica 51: 17–34.

Harré, Rom, and H. Madden. 1975. Causal Powers. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Hawkins, R.D., and E.R. Kandel. 1984. “Is There a Cell-Biological Alphabet for Simple Forms of Learning?” Psychological Review 91: 375–91.

Heil, John. 1992. The Nature of True Minds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2004. Philosophy of Mind: A Contemporary Introduction. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

Hempel, Carl G. 1935. “Analyse logique de la psychologie.” Revue de synthèse 10: 27–42.

———. 1942. “The Function of General Laws in History.” Journal of Philosophy 39 (2): 35–48. (Reprinted in Hempel 1965a, 231–42.)

———. 1965a. Aspects of Scientific Explanation. New York: Free Press.

———. 1965b. “Empiricist Criteria of Cognitive Significance.” In Hempel 1965a, 101–22.

———. 1966. Philosophy of Natural Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

———. 1988. “Provisos: A Problem Concerning the Inferential Function of Scientific Theories.” In The Limitations of Deductivism, edited by Adolf Grünbaum and Wesley Salmon, 19–36. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

———. 2002. “The Logical Analysis of Psychology.” In Philosophy of Mind: Classical and Contemporary Readings, edited by David J. Chalmers, 14–23. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hempel, Carl G., and Paul Oppenheim. 1948. “Studies in the Logic of Explanation.” Philosophy of Science 15: 135–75. (Reprinted in Hempel, 1965a, 245–90.)

Henle, Paul. 1942. “The Status of Emergence.” Journal of Philosophy 39: 486–93.

Hering, Ewald. 1920. Grundzüge der Lehre vom Lichtsinn. Berlin: Julius Springer. (Translated as Outlines of a Theory of the Light Sense. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964.)

Holland, John H. 1998. Emergence — From Chaos to Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holt, P.J. 1976. “Causality and Our Conception of Matter.” Analysis 37: 20–29.

Hooker, C.A. 1981. “Towards a General Theory of Reduction.” Dialogue 20: 38–59, 201–36, 496–529.

Horgan, Terence. 1984. “Supervenience and Cosmic Hermeneutics.” Southern Journal of Philosophy, supplementary volume, 22: 19–38.

———. 1989. “Mental Quausation.” In Philosophical Perspectives 3: Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory, edited by J.E. Tomberlin, 47–76. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview.

———. 1993. “From Supervenience to Superdupervenience: Meeting the Demands of a Material World.” Mind 102: 555–86.

Hull, David. 1974. The Philosophy of Biological Science. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hume, David. 1978. A Treatise of Human Nature. 2nd ed. Edited by L.A. Selby-Bigge and P.H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Humphreys, Paul W. 1989. “The Causes, Some of the Causes, and Nothing but the Causes.” In Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 13: Scientific Explanation, edited by Philip Kitcher and Wesley C. Salmon, 283–306. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

———. 1996. “Aspects of Emergence.” Philosophical Topics 24: 53–70.

———. 1997a. “How Properties Emerge.” Philosophy of Science 64: 1–17.

———. 1997b. “Emergence, not Supervenience.” Philosophy of Science 64 (proceedings): S337–45.

Huneman, Philippe. 2008. “Emergence Made Ontological? Computational versus Combinatorial Approaches.” Philosophy of Science 75: 595–607.

Hurvich, L.M., and D. Jameson. 1957. “An Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision.” Psychological Review 64: 384–404.

Hüttemann, Andreas, and Orestis Terzidis. 2000. “Emergence in Physics.” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 14: 267–81.

Jackson, Frank. 1994. “Armchair Metaphysics.” In Philosophy in Mind: The Place of Philosophy in the Study of Mind, edited by Michaelis Michael and John O’Leary-Hawthorne, 23–42. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

———. 1998. From Metaphysics to Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Jacob, Pierre. 2002. “Some Problems for Reductive Physicalism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65: 647–53.

James, William. 1890. The Principles of Psychology. 2 vols. New York: Henry Holt and Company. (Reprinted, New York: Dover, 1950.)

Johnson, Steven. 2001. Emergence — The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software. New York: Scribner.

Johnston, Mark. 1992. “How to Speak of the Colours.” Philosophical Studies 68: 221–63.

Joseph, Geoffrey. 1980. “The Many Sciences and the One World.” Journal of Philosophy 77: 773–91.

Kamin, L.J. 1969. “Predictability, Surprise, Attention and Conditioning.” In Punishment and Aversive Behavior, edited by B.A. Campbell and R.M. Church, 279–96. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Kandel, Eric. 1995. “Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory.” In Essentials of Neural Science and Behavior, edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessell, 667–94. London: Prentice Hall.

———. 2000. “Cellular Mechanisms of Learning and the Biological Basis of Individuality.” In Principles of Neural Science, edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessell, 1247–79. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Kaplan, David. 1989. “Demonstratives. An Essay on the Semantics, Logic, Metaphysics, and Epistemology of Demonstratives and Other Indexicals.” In Themes from Kaplan, edited by Joseph Almog, John Perry, and Howard Wettstein, 481–564. New York: Oxford University Press.

Keil, Geert. 2000. Handeln und Verursachen. Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann.

Kemeny, John G., and Paul Oppenheim. 1956. “On Reduction.” Philosophical Studies 7: 6–19.

Kim, Jaegwon. 1973. “Causation, Nomic Subsumption and the Concept of Event.” Journal of Philosophy 70: 217–36. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 3–21.)

———. 1978. “Supervenience and Nomological Incommensurables.” American Philosophical Quarterly 15: 149–56.

———. 1984. “Concepts of Supervenience.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 45: 153–76. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 53–78.)

———. 1988a. “Explanatory Realism, Causal Realism, and Explanatory Exclusion.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 12: 225–39.

———. 1988b. “Supervenience for Multiple Domains.” Philosophical Topics 16: 129–50. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 109–30.)

———. 1989a. “The Myth of Nonreductive Materialism.” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 63: 31–47. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 265–84.)

———. 1989b. “Mechanism, Purpose and Explanatory Exclusion.” In Philosophical Perspectives 3: Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 78–108. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 237–64.)

———. 1990. “Supervenience as a Philosophical Concept.” Metaphilosophy 21: 1–27. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 131–60.)

———. 1992a. “Multiple Realization and the Metaphysics of Reduction.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 52: 1–26. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 309–35.)

———. 1992b. “‘Downward Causation’ in Emergentism and Non-Reductive Physicalism.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 119–38. Berlin: de Gruyter.

———. 1993a. “Postscripts on Mental Causation.” In Kim 1993b, 358–67.

———. 1993b. Supervenience and Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1993c. “The Non-Reductivist’s Troubles with Mental Causation.” In Mental Causation, edited by John Heil and Alfred Mele, 189–210. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (Reprinted in Kim 1993b, 336–57.)

———. 1997a. “The Mind-Body Problem: Taking Stock after Forty Years.” In Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Causation, and World, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 185–207. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

———. 1997b. “Does the Problem of Mental Causation Generalize?” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, 97: 281–97.

———. 1998. Mind in a Physical World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

———. 2002. “Responses.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65: 671–80.

———. 2005. Physicalism, or Something Near Enough. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kincaid, Harold. 1990. “Molecular Biology and the Unity of Science.” Philosophy of Science 57: 575–93.

Kirk, Robert. 1996. “Strict Implication, Supervenience and Physicalism.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 74: 244–57.

———. 2001. “Non-Reductive Physicalism and Strict Implication.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79: 544–52.

Kistler, Max. 1998. “Reducing Causality to Transmission.” Erkenntnis 48: 1–24.

———. 1999a. “Causes as Events and Facts.” Dialectica 53: 25–46.

———. 1999b. Causalité et lois de la nature. Paris: Vrin.

———. 1999c. “Multiple Realization, Reduction, and Mental Properties.” International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 13: 135–49.

———. 2001. “Causation as Transference and Responsibility.” In Current Issues in Causation, edited by Wolfgang Spohn, Marion Ledwig, and Michael Esfeld, 115–33. Paderborn: Mentis.

———. 2002a. “The Causal Criterion of Reality and the Necessity of Laws of Nature.” Metaphysica 3: 57–86.

———. 2002b. “Erklärung und Kausalität.” Philosophia naturalis 39, no. 1: 89–109.

———. 2002c. “Causation in Contemporary Analytical Philosophy.” In Causation, vol. 2 of Quaestio-Yearbook of the History of Metaphysics, edited by C. Esposito and P. Porro, 635–68. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols.

———. 2004a. “Causality in Contemporary Philosophy.” Intellectica 38: 139–85.

———. 2004b. “Matérialisme et réduction de l’esprit.” In Les matérialismes (et leurs détracteurs), edited by Jean Dubessy, Guillaume Lecointre, and Marc Silberstein, 309–39. Paris: Syllepse. (Reprinted in Matériaux philosophiques et pour un matérialisme contemporain: Sciences, ontologie, épistémologie, edited by Marc Silberstein, 919–54. Paris: Éditions Matériologiques, 2013.)

———. 2005a. “Necessary Laws.” In Nature’s Principles, edited by Jan Faye, Paul Needham, Uwe Scheffler, and Max Urchs, 201–27. Dordrecht: Springer.

———. 2005b. “Lowe’s Argument for Dualism from Mental Causation.” Philosophia: A Global Journal of Philosophy 33: 319–29.

———. 2005c. “L’efficacité causale des propriétés dispositionnelles macroscopiques.” InCauses, Powers, Dispositions en philosophie: Le retour des vertus dormitives, edited by Bruno Gnassounou and Max Kistler, 115–54. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France/Éditions ENS Rue d’Ulm.

———. 2005d. “Is Functional Reduction Logical Reduction?” Croatian Journal of Philosophy 5: 219–34.

———. 2006a. “La causalité comme transfert et dépendance nomique.” Philosophie 89: 53–77.

———. 2006b. “Lois, exceptions et dispositions.” In Les dispositions en philosophie et en sciences, edited by Bruno Gnassounou and Max Kistler, 175–94. Paris: CNRS Éditions. (English translation: “Laws, Exceptions, and Dispositions.” Journal for the Philosophy of Language, Mind and the Arts 1, no. 1 [2020]: 45–66. https://edizionicafoscari.unive.it/media/pdf/journals/the-journal-for-the-philosophy-of-language-mind-an/2020/1/iss-1-1-2020_8T1ifxo.pdf.)

———. 2006c. “Les causes des actions.” Le temps philosophique, numéro spécial: L’action 12: 141–75.

———. 2006d. Causation and Laws of Nature. London: Routledge.

———. 2007. “La réduction, l’émergence, l’unité de la science et les niveaux de réalité.” Matière première 2: 67–97. (Reprinted in Matériaux philosophiques et pour un matérialisme contemporain: Sciences, ontologie, épistémologie, edited by Marc Silberstein, 179–212. Paris: Éditions Matériologiques, 2013.)

———. 2009. “Mechanisms and Downward Causation.” Philosophical Psychology 22: 595–609.

———. 2011. “La causalité.” In Précis de philosophie des sciences, edited by Anouk Barberousse, Denis Bonnay, and Mikaël Cozic, 100–40. Paris: Vuibert.

———. 2012. “Powerful Properties and the Causal Basis of Dispositions.” In Properties, Powers and Structures: Issues in the Metaphysics of Realism, edited by Alexander Bird, Brian Ellis, and Howard Sankey, 119–37. New York: Routledge.

———. 2013. “The Interventionist Account of Causation and Non-Causal Association Laws.” Erkenntnis 78: 65–84.

———. 2014. “Analysing Causation in Light of Intuitions, Causal Statements, and Science.” In Causation in Grammatical Structures, edited by B. Copley and F. Martin, 76–99. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2016. “Espèces naturelles, profil causal et constitution multiple.” Lato sensu 3, no. 1: 17–30. (Translation: “Natural Kinds, Causal Profile and Multiple Constitution.” Metaphysica 19 [2018]: 113–35.)

———. 2017. “Higher-Level, Downward and Specific Causation.” In Philosophical and Scientific Pespectives on Downward Causation, edited by Michele Paolini Paoletti and Francesco Orilia, 54–75. London: Routledge.

———. 2020. “Powers, Dispositions and Laws of Nature.” In Dispositionalism: Perspectives from Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Science, edited by Anne Sophie Meincke, 171–88. Cham: Springer.

———. 2021. “Models of Downward Causation.” In Top-Down Causation and Emergence, edited by Jan Voosholz and Markus Gabriel, 305–26. Cham: Springer.

———. 2022. “Lowe’s Dualist Construal of Mental Causation.” In E.J. Lowe and Ontology, edited by Mirosław Szatkowski, 239–59. New York: Routledge.

———. 2025. Metaphysics of Causation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009260800.

Kitcher, Philip. 1982. “Genes.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 33: 337–59.

———. 1984. “1953 and All That: A Tale of Two Sciences.” Philosophical Review 93: 335–73.

———. 1989. “Explanatory Unification and the Causal Structure of the World.” In Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science 13: Scientific Explanation, edited by Philip Kitcher and Wesley Salmon, 410–505. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Klee, Robert. 1984. “Micro-Determinism and Concepts of Emergence.” Philosophy of Science 51: 44–63.

Kripke, Saul A. 1972. “Naming and Necessity” and “Addenda to Saul A. Kripke’s Paper ‘Naming and Necessity.” In Semantics of Natural Language, edited by D. Davidson and G. Harman, 253–355, 763–69. Dordrecht: Reidel. (Reprinted as a monograph: Naming and Necessity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1980.)

Kronz, Frederick M., and Justin T. Tiehen. 2002. “Emergence and Quantum Mechanics.” Philosophy of Science 69: 324–47.

Krüger, Lorenz. 1989. “Reduction without Reductionism.” In An Intimate Relation, edited by J.R. Brown and J. Mittelstrass, 369–90. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Kuhn, Thomas. 1962. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kurtz, D.M. Jr. 1992. “Molecular Structure and Function Relationships of Hemerythrins.” Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology 13: 151–71.

———. 1999. “Oxygen-Carrying Proteins: Three Solutions to a Common Problem.” Essays in Biochemistry 34: 85–100.

Laplace, Pierre-Simon. 1825. Essai philosophique sur les probabilités. Reprinted, Paris: Christian Bourgeois, 1986.

Lennie, Peter. 2000. “Color Vision.” In Principles of Neural Science, 4th ed., edited by E.R. Kandel, J.H. Schwartz, and T.M. Jessel, 572–89. New York: McGraw-Hill.

LePore, Ernest, and Barry Loewer. 1987. “Mind Matters.” Journal of Philosophy 84: 630–42.

———. 1989. “More on Making Mind Matter.” Philosophical Topics 17: 175–91.

Lewes, George H. 1875. Problems of Life and Mind. London: Trübner.

Lewis, David. 1973. Counterfactuals. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

———. 1980. “Index, Content and Context.” In Philosophy and Grammar, edited by Stig Kanger and Sven Öhman, 79–100. Dordrecht: Reidel.

———. 1983. “New Work for a Theory of Universals.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 70: 211–24.

———. 1986. Philosophical Papers. Vol. 2. New York: Oxford University Press.

———. 1994. “Reduction of Mind.” In A Companion to the Philosophy of Mind, edited by Samuel Guttenplan, 412–31. Oxford: Blackwell.

———. 1997. “Finkish Dispositions.” Philosophical Quarterly 47: 143–58.

Lipton, Peter. 1999. “All Else Being Equal.” Philosophy 74: 155–68.

Lloyd Morgan, Conwy. 1926. Emergent Evolution. London: Williams and Norgate.

Locke, John. 1975. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Edited by Peter H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Loewer, Barry. 2002. “Comments on Jaegwon Kim’s Mind and the Physical World.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 65: 654–61.

Lowe, E.J. 1993. “The Causal Autonomy of the Mental.” Mind 102: 629–44.

———. 1996. Subjects of Experience. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2000a. “Causal Closure Principles and Emergentism.” Philosophy 75: 571–85.

———. 2000b. An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 2001a. “Dispositions and Laws.” Metaphysica 2: 5–23.

———. 2001b. “Event Causation and Agent Causation.” Grazer philosophische Studien 61: 1–20.

Macdonald, Cynthia, and Graham Macdonald. 1986. “Mental Causes and Explanation of Action.” In Mind, Causation, and Action, edited by Leslie Stevenson, Roger Squires, and John Haldane, 35–48. Oxford: Blackwell.

Machamer, Peter, Lindley Darden, and Carl F. Craver. 2000. “Thinking about Mechanisms.” Philosophy of Science 67: 1–25.

Mackie, John L. 1965. “Causes and Conditions.” American Philosophical Quarterly 2, no. 4: 245–55. (Reprinted in Causation, edited by Ernest Sosa and Michael Tooley, 33–55. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.)

———. 1977. “Dispositions, Grounds, and Causes.” Synthese 34: 361–70.

Malaterre, Christophe. 2010. Les origines de la vie: Emergence ou explication réductive. Paris: Hermann.

Malcolm, Norman. 1968. “The Conceivability of Mechanism.” Philosophical Review 77: 45–72.

Malzkorn, Wolfgang. 2000. “Realism, Functionalism and the Conditional Analysis of Dispositions.” Philosophical Quarterly 50: 452–69.

Marras, Ausonio. 1998. “Kim’s Principle of Explanatory Exclusion.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 76: 439–51.

———. 2000. “Critical Note of Kim, Mind in a Physical World.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 30: 137–60.

———. 2002. “Kim on Reduction.” Erkenntnis 57: 231–57.

Martin, Charles B. 1994. “Dispositions and Conditionals.” Philosophical Quarterly 44: 1–8.

———. 1996. “Final Replies to Place and Armstrong.” In Dispositions: A Debate, by David M. Armstrong, C.B. Martin, and U.T. Place, edited by Tim Crane, 163–92. London: Routledge.

Maull, Nancy. 1977. “Unifying Science without Reduction.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 8: 143–62.

McCauley, Robert N. 1981. “Hypothetical Identities and Ontological Economizing: Comments on Causey’s Program for the Unity of Science.” Philosophy of Science 48: 218–27.

———. 1996. “Explanatory Pluralism and the Co-Evolution of Theories in Science.” In The Churchlands and Their Critics, edited by Robert N. McCauley, 17–47. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

McLaughlin, Brian. 1989. “Type Epiphenomenalism, Type Dualism, and the Causal Priority of the Physical.” In Philosophical Perspectives 3: Philosophy of Mind and Action Theory, edited by J.E. Tomberlin, 109–35. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview.

———. 1992. “The Rise and Fall of British Emergentism.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 49–93. Berlin: de Gruyter.

———. 1993. “On Davidson’s Response to the Charge of Epiphenomenalism.” In Mental Causation, edited by A. Mele and J. Heil, 27–40. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 1995. “Varieties of Supervenience.” In Supervenience: New Essays, edited by E. Savellos and Ü. Yalçin, 16–59. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Mellor, D.H. 1974. “In Defense of Dispositions.” Philosophical Review 83: 157–81.

———. 2000. “The Semantics and Ontology of Dispositions.” Mind 109: 757–80.

Menzies, Peter. 1988. “Against Causal Reductionism.” Mind 97: 551–74.

———. 2008. “The Exclusion Problem, the Determination Relation, and Contrastive Causation.” In Being Reduced, edited by Jakob Hohwy and Jesper Kallestrup, 196–217. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Menzies, Peter, and Christian List. 2010. “The Causal Autonomy of the Special Sciences.” In Emergence in Mind, edited by Cynthia Macdonald and Graham Macdonald, 108–28. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Mill, John Stuart. 1843. A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive. London: Parker. (1891 edition reprinted, Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific, 2002. 1882 edition reprinted, https://www.gutenberg.org.)

Molnar, George. 1999. “Are Dispositions Reducible?” Philosophical Quarterly 49: 1–17.

———. 2003. Dispositions: A Study in Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Morange, Michel. 1998. La part des gènes. Paris: Odile Jacob. (Translation: The Misunderstood Gene. Translated by Matthew Cobb. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.)

Mossio, Matteo, and Jon Umerez. 2014. “Réductionnisme, holisme et émergentisme.” In Précis de philosophie de la biologie, edited by T. Hoquet and F. Merlin, 179–89. Paris: Vuibert.

Mumford, Stephen. 1996. “Conditionals, Functional Essences and Martin on Dispositions.” Philosophical Quarterly 46: 86–92.

———. 1998. Dispositions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nagel, Ernest. 1951. “Mechanistic Explanation and Organismic Biology.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 11: 327–38. (Reprinted in Nagel 1961, 398–446.)

———. 1952. “Wholes, Sums and Organic Unities.” Philosophical Studies 3: 17–32. (Reprinted in Nagel 1961, 380–97; reprinted in Parts and Wholes, edited by Daniel Lerner, 135–55. New York: Free Press, 1963.)

———. 1961. The Structure of Science. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Nagel, Thomas. 1979. “Panpsychism.” In Mortal Questions, edited by T. Nagel, 181–95. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Needham, Paul. 2000. “What Is Water?” Analysis 60: 13–21.

Newman, David V. 1996. “Emergence and Strange Attractors.” Philosophy of Science 63: 245–61.

———. 2001. “Chaos, Emergence, and the Mind-Body Problem.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 79: 180–96.

Nickles, Thomas. 1973. “Two Concepts of Intertheoretic Reduction.” Journal of Philosophy 70: 181–201.

Noordhof, Paul. 1998. “Do Tropes Resolve the Problem of Mental Causation?” Philosophical Quarterly 48: 221–26.

O’Connor, Timothy. 1994. “Emergent Properties.” American Philosophical Quarterly 31: 91–104.

O’Regan, Kevin J., and Alva Noë. 2001. “What It Is Like to See: A Sensorimotor Theory of Perceptual Experience.” Synthese 129: 79–103.

Pap, Arthur. 1951–52. “The Concept of Absolute Emergence.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 2: 302–11.

Papineau, David. 1993. Philosophical Naturalism. Oxford: Blackwell.

Pereboom, D., and Kornblith, H. 1991. “The Metaphysics of Irreducibility.” Philosophical Studies 63: 125–45.

Pietroski, Paul. 1994. “Mental Causation for Dualists.” Mind and Language 9: 336–66.

Pietroski, Paul, and Georges Rey. 1995. “When Other Things Aren’t Equal: Saving Ceteris Paribus Laws from Vacuity.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 46: 81–110.

Popper, Karl R. 1957. “The Aim of Science.” Reprinted in Karl R. Popper, Objective Knowledge, 191–205. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Earlier version published in Ratio 1: 24–35).

———. 1977. “Natural Selection and the Emergence of Mind.” Dialectica 32: 339–55.

Price, H.H. 1953. Thinking and Experience. London: Hutchinson.

Prior, Elizabeth. 1985. Dispositions. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.

Prior, Elizabeth W., Robert Pargetter, and Frank Jackson. 1982. “Three Theses about Dispositions.” American Philosophical Quarterly 19: 251–57.

Putnam, Hilary. 1963. “Brains and Behavior.” In Analytical Philosophy, Second Series, edited by Ronald J. Butler, 211–35. Oxford: Blackwell. (Reprinted in Hilary Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2, 325–41. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975.)

———. 1965. “How not to Talk about Meaning: Comments on J.J.C. Smart.” In Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 2, In Honor of Philipp Frank, edited by Robert S. Cohen and Marx R. Wartofsky, 205–22. New York: Humanities Press. (Reprinted in Hilary Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2, 117–31. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975.)

———. 1967. “The Nature of Mental States.” First published as “Psychological Predicates.” In Art, Mind, and Religion, edited by William H. Capitan and Daniel D. Merrill, 37–48. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. (Reprinted in Hilary Putnam, Mind, Language, and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2, 429–40. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975.)

———. 1975a. “The Meaning of ‘Meaning.’” In Language, Mind and Knowledge: Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 7, edited by Keith Gunderson, 131–93. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (Reprinted in Hilary Putnam, Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2, 215–71. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1975.)

———. 1975b. “Philosophy and Our Mental Life.” In Mind, Language and Reality: Philosophical Papers, vol. 2, by Hilary Putnam, 291–303. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

———. 1992. Renewing Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Quine, Willard V.O. 1939. “Designation and Existence.” Journal of Philosophy 36: 701–09.

———. 1948. “On What There Is.” Review of Metaphysics 2, no. 1: 21–38. (Reprinted in Willard V.O. Quine, From a Logical Point of View, 1–19. New York: Harper, 1953.)

———. 1971. The Roots of Reference. LaSalle, IL: Open Court.

———. 1976. “A Logistical Approach to the Ontological Problem.” In Willard V.O. Quine, The Ways of Paradox and Other Essays, rev. and enlarged ed., 197–202. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Reif, Frederick. 1967. Statistical Physics. Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 5. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Rescorla, Robert A. 1968. “Probability of Shock in the Presence and Absence of CS in Fear Conditioning.” Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 66: 1–5.

———. 1988. “Pavlovian Conditioning: It’s not What You Think It Is.” American Psychologist 43: 151–60.

Rescorla, Robert A., and A.R. Wagner. 1972. “A Theory of Pavlovian Conditioning: Variations in the Efficaciousness of Reinforcement and Nonreinforcement.” In Classical Conditioning 2: Current Research and Theory, edited by A.H. Black and W.F. Prokasy, 64–99. New York: Appleton-Croft-Century.

Rey, Georges. 1997. Contemporary Philosophy of Mind. Oxford: Blackwell.

Richardson, Robert. 1979. “Functionalism and Reductionism.” Philosophy of Science 46: 533–58.

Richet, Pascal. 2001. The Physical Basis of Thermodynamics, with Applications to Chemistry. New York: Springer.

Robb, David. 1997. “The Properties of Mental Causation.” Philosophical Quarterly 47: 178–94.

Robinson, Howard. 1982. Matter and Sense. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Rosenberg, Alexander. 1985. The Structure of Biological Science. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Rueger, Alexander. 2000a. “Robust Supervenience and Emergence.” Philosophy of Science 67: 466–89.

———. 2000b. “Physical Emergence, Diachronic and Synchronic.” Synthese 124, no. 3: 297–322.

———. 2001. “Explanations at Multiple Levels.” Minds and Machines 11: 503–20.

———. 2004. “Reduction, Autonomy and Causal Exclusion among Physical Properties.” Synthese 139, no. 1: 1–21.

Ryle, Gilbert. 1949. The Concept of Mind. London: Hutchinson. (Reprinted, sixtieth anniversary ed. Abingdon: Routledge, 2009.)

Salmon, Wesley. 1990. Four Decades of Scientific Explanation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Schaffer, Jonathan. 2014. “The Metaphysics of Causation.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-metaphysics/.

Schaffner, Kenneth. 1967. “Approaches to Reduction.” Philosophy of Science 34: 137–47.

———. 1976. “Reductionism in Biology: Prospects and Problems.” In PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1974, edited by R.S. Cohen et al., 613–32. Dordrecht: Reidel.

———. 1992. “Philosophy of Medicine.” In Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, edited by Merrilee Salmon et al., 310–45. Indianapolis: Hackett.

———. 1993. Discovery and Explanation in Biology and Medicine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Schiffer, Stephen. 1987. Remnants of Meaning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Schrenk, Markus. 2006. Les dispositions en philosophie et en sciences. In Les capacités peuvent-elles nous sauver des lois ceteris paribus, edited by Bruno Gnassounou and Max Kistler, 147–73. Paris: CNRS Éditions.

Schröder, Jürgen. 1998. “Emergence: Non-Deducibility or Downwards Causation?” Philosophical Quarterly 48: 433–52.

Schurz, Gerhard. 2002. “Ceteris paribus Laws: Classification and Destruction.” Erkenntnis 57: 351–72.

Searle, John. 1992. The Rediscovery of the Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Shepard, Roger. 1962. “The Analysis of Proximities: Multidimensional Scaling with an Unknown Distance Function.” Psychometrika 27: 125–40, 219–46.

———. 1965. “Approximation to Uniform Gradients of Generalization by Monotone Transformations of Scale.” In Stimulus Generalization, edited by David I. Mostofsky, 95–110. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

———. 1974. “Representation of Structure in Similarity Data: Problems and Prospects.” Psychometrika 39: 373–421.

Shoemaker, Sydney. 1980. “Causality and Properties.” In Time and Cause: Essays Presented to Richard Taylor, edited by Peter van Inwagen, 109–35. Dordrecht: Reidel. (Reprinted in Sydney Shoemaker, Identity, Cause and Mind, 206–33. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984; reprinted in Properties, edited by D.H. Mellor and A. Oliver, 228–54. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.)

———. 1998. “Causal and Metaphysical Necessity.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 79: 59–77.

Sklar, Lawrence. 1993. Physics and Chance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Slors, Marc. 1998. “Two Claims that Can Save a Nonreductive Account of Mental Causation.” In Human Action, Deliberation, and Causation, edited by Jan Bransen and Stefaan E. Cuypers, 225–48. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Sosa, Ernest. 1984. “Mind-Body Interaction and Supervenient Causation.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 9: 271–81.

Sperry, Roger W. 1964. “The Great Cerebral Commissure.” Scientific American 210: 42–52.

———. 1969. “A Modified Concept of Consciousness.” Psychological Review 76: 532–36.

———. 1976. “Mental Phenomena as Causal Determinants in Brain Function.” In Consciousness and the Brain, edited by Gordon G. Globus, Grover Maxwell, and Irwin Savodnik, 163–77. New York: Plenum Press.

———. 1986. “Macro- versus Micro-Determinism.” Philosophy of Science 53: 265–70.

———. 1992. “Turnabout on Consciousness: A Mentalist View.” Journal of Mind and Behavior 13: 259–80.

Spohn, Wolfgang. 1997. “Begründungen a priori — oder: Ein frischer Blick auf Dispositionsprädikate.” In Das weite Spektrum der analytischen Philosophie: Festschrift für Franz von Kutschera, edited by Wolfgang Lenzen, 323–45. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Squire, Larry R., and Eric R. Kandel. 1999. Memory: From Mind to Molecules. New York: Scientific American Library.

Squires, Roger. 1968. “Are Dispositions Causes?” Analysis 29: 45–47.

Stalnaker, Robert. 1978. “Assertion.” In Syntax and Semantics, vol. 9, edited by Peter Cole, 315–32. New York: Academic Press.

———. 1993. “Twin Earth Revisited.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 93: 297–311.

Stegmüller, Wolfgang. 1983. Probleme und Resultate der Wissenschaftstheorie und Analytischen Philosophie, Vol. I: Erklärung, Begündung, Kausalität. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer.

Stephan, Achim. 1992. “Emergence — A Systematic View on Its Historical Facets.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 25–48. Berlin: de Gruyter.

———. 1999. Emergenz: Von der Unvorhersagbarkeit zur Selbstorganisation. Dresden: Dresden University Press.

———. 2006. “The Dual Role of ‘Emergence’ in the Philosophy of Mind and in Cognitive Science.” Synthese 151, no. 3: 485–98.

Steward, Helen. 1997. The Ontology of Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Strawson, Peter F. 1959. Individuals. London: Methuen.

Suppes, Patrick. 1967. “What Is a Scientific Theory?” In Philosophy of Science Today, edited by Sidney Morgenbesser, 55–67. New York: Basic Books.

Teller, Paul. 1992. “A Contemporary Look at Emergence.” In Emergence or Reduction? Essays on the Prospects of Nonreductive Physicalism, edited by Ansgar Beckermann, Hans Flohr, and Jaegwon Kim, 139–53. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Thomasson, Amie. 1998. “A Nonreductivist Solution to Mental Causation.” Philosophical Studies 89: 181–95.

Thompson, Ian J. 1988. “Real Dispositions in the Physical World.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 39: 67–79.

Tobin, Emma. 2010. “Microstructuralism and Macromolecules: The Case of Moonlighting Proteins.” Foundations of Chemistry 12: 41–54.

Tompa, P., C. Szasz, and L. Buday. 2005. “Structural Disorder Throws New Light on Moonlighting.” Trends in Biochemical Sciences 30: 484–89.

Tully, Robert E. 1981. “Emergence Revisited.” In Pragmatism and Purpose: Essays Presented to T.A. Goudge, edited by L.W. Summer, J.G. Slater, and F. Wilson, 261–77. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

van Cleve, James. 1990. “Mind — Dust or Magic? Panpsychism versus Emergence.” In Action Theory and Philosophy of Mind, vol. 4 of Philosophical Perspectives, edited by J. Tomberlin, 215–26. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview.

van Eck, Dingmar, Huib Looren de Jong, and Maurice K.D. Schouten. 2006. “Evaluating New Wave Reductionism: The Case of Vision.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 57: 167–96.

van Holde, K.E., and Karen I. Miller. 1995. “Hemocyanins.” Advances in Protein Chemistry 47: 1–81.

van Holde, K.E., K.I. Miller, and H. Decker. 2001. “Hemocyanins and Invertebrate Evolution.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, no. 19: 15563–66.

Wimsatt, William C. 1976a. “Reductionism, Levels of Organization, and the Mind-Body Problem.” In Consciousness and the Brain, edited by Gordon G. Globus, Grover Maxwell, and Irwin Savodnik, 205–67. New York: Plenum Press.

———. 1976b. “Reductive Explanation: A Functional Account.” In PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1974, edited by R.S. Cohen et al., 671–710. Dordrecht: Reidel.

———. 1986. “Forms of Aggregativity.” In Human Nature and Natural Knowledge, edited by A. Donagan, A.N. Perovich Jr., and M.V. Wedin, 259–91. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science 89. Dordrecht: Reidel.

———. 1996. “Aggregativity: Reductive Heuristics for Finding Emergence.” Philosophy of Science 64 (proceedings): S372–84.

Witmer, D. Gene. 2003. “Functionalism and Causal Exclusion.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 84: 198–214.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1958. Philosophical Investigations. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.

Wong, Hong Yu. 2006. “Emergents from Fusion.” Philosophy of Science 73: 345–67.

Woodger, J.H. 1952. Biology and Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Woodward, James. 2003. Making Things Happen. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

———. 2010. “Causation in Biology: Stability, Specificity, and the Choice of Levels of Explanation.” Biology and Philosophy 25: 287–318.

Worley, Sara. 1997. “Determination and Mental Causation.” Erkenntnis 46: 281–304.

Yablo, Stephen. 1992. “Mental Causation.” Philosophical Review 101: 245–80.

———. 1997. “Wide Causation.” In Philosophical Perspectives 11: Mind, Cause and World, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 251–81. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Zeki, Semir. 1993. A Vision of the Brain. London: Blackwell.

Annotate

Next Chapter
Index
PreviousNext
© 2025 Max Kistler
Powered by Manifold Scholarship. Learn more at
Opens in new tab or windowmanifoldapp.org