Skip to main content
Menu
Contents
The Canadian Mountain Assessment: Half-title page
The Canadian Mountain Assessment
Half-title page
Visibility
Reader Appearance
Search
Sign In
avatar
Edit Profile
Notifications
Privacy
Log Out
Project Home
The Canadian Mountain Assessment
Projects
Sign In
Learn more about
Manifold
Notes
Close
Show the following:
Annotations
Yours
Others
Your highlights
Resources
Show all
Show all
Hide all
Enter search criteria
Execute search
Search within:
chapter
text
project
Adjust appearance:
font
Font style
Serif
Sans-serif
Decrease font size
Increase font size
Decrease font size
Increase font size
color scheme
Light
Dark
Margins
Increase text margins
Decrease text margins
Reset to Defaults
Options
table of contents
Half Title Page
Title page
Copyright page
Land Acknowledgement
Acknowledgements
Foreword
Executive Summary
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Mountain Environments
Chapter 3. Mountains as Homelands
Chapter 4. Gifts of the Mountains
Chapter 5. Mountains Under Pressure
Chapter 6. Desirable Mountain Futures
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
1.1 Mountains and Mountain Knowledge in Canada
1.2 Introducing the Canadian Mountain Assessment
1.2.1 Project governance
1.2.2 Visioning
1.2.3 Methodology
1.2.4 Review and revision process
1.2.5 Innovations
1.2.6 Caveats and limitations
1.3 Organisation of Assessment
Chapter 2
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Origins
2.2.1 Plate tectonics: The driving mechanism for mountain building
2.2.2 Ancient orogens of eastern Canada
2.2.3 Younger orogens of western Canada
2.2.4 Ice sheet histories, landscape sculpting, and deglaciation
2.2.5 Gaps and challenges
2.3 Weather and Climate
2.3.1 Air temperature
2.3.2 Precipitation
2.3.3 Mountain wind systems
2.3.4 Gaps and challenges
2.4 Snow, Ice, and Permafrost
2.4.1 Mountain snow
2.4.2 Mountain glaciers
2.4.3 Mountain permafrost
2.4.4 Gaps and challenges
2.5 Water
2.5.1 Mountain flow regimes
2.5.2 Mountain surface hydrological processes
2.5.3 Mountain lakes and reservoirs
2.5.4 Mountain groundwater
2.5.5 Mountain wetlands
2.5.6 Mountain water quality
2.5.7 Hydrological modelling
2.5.8 Gaps and challenges
2.6 Mountain Hazards
2.6.1 Indigenous perspectives on mountain hazards
2.6.2 Hazard types and frequency
2.6.3 Gaps and challenges
2.7 Ecosystems and Biodiversity
2.7.1 Terrestrial mountain ecosystems
2.7.2 Landscape management and disturbances
2.7.3 Mountain biodiversity
2.7.4 Aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity
2.7.5 Gaps and challenges
2.8 Connections between Mountains and Lowland/Coastal Environments
2.8.1 Upstream movements of air, water, materials, and organisms
2.8.2 Downstream movements of air, water, materials, and organisms
2.8.3 Gaps and challenges
2.9 Conclusions
Chapter 3
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Homelands and homes
3.1.2 Conceptual underpinnings
3.2 Stories of Homelands
3.2.1 Stories of creation
3.2.2 Stories of mountain spirits
3.2.3 Mountain place names
3.2.4 Summary: Stories of Homelands
3.3 Mountain Archaeology and the Longevity of Homelands
3.4 Multispecies Literature
3.4.1 Human-animal relationships in mountains
3.4.2 Human-plant relationships in mountains
3.5 Changes to Mountain Homelands
3.5.1 Early colonial presence
3.5.2 Science as colonial tool
3.5.3 Treaties and land access
3.5.4 Parks and protected areas
3.6 Recreation
3.6.1 Place-making through recreation
3.6.2 Recreation and gender
3.6.3 Race and recreation
3.7 Labour
3.7.1 Extraction labour
3.7.2 Incarcerated labour in mountains
3.7.3 Military labour
3.7.4 Built infrastructures
3.7.5 Mountain professionals
3.8 Governance in Contemporary Mountain Spaces
3.8.1 Mountains as borderlands
3.8.2 Indigenous governance in mountain places
3.9 Conclusion
Chapter 4
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Gifts and benefits
4.2 Gifts of Identity and Wellbeing
4.2.1 Emotional and physical wellbeing of mountain communities
4.3 Gifts of Art
4.3.1 Mountains as sites of creative inspiration and dialogue
4.3.2 Mountains as sites of art institutions and programs
4.4 Gifts of Teaching and Pedagogy
4.4.1 Storytelling and narrative
4.4.2 Sacredness
4.4.3 Land-based learning and healing
4.4.4 Challenges to Indigenous-led teaching and learning in Canada
4.5 Gifts of Foods and Medicines
4.5.1 Plants, Fungi, and Medicinal Species
4.5.2 Wildlife
4.5.3 Fisheries
4.6 Gifts of Water
4.6.1 Gifts of freshwater
4.6.2 Gifts of wetlands
4.7 Gift of Mountain Spaces and Terrain for Tourism and Recreation Activities
4.7.1 Nature and adventure tourism economies
4.7.2 Challenges and drawbacks of mountain recreation
4.8 Gifts and Benefits of Forests, Materials, and Energy Sources
4.8.1 Forests
4.8.2 Minerals and hydrocarbons
4.8.3 Sedimentary deposits and quarries
4.8.4 Metallic mineral deposits
4.8.5 Fossil fuels deposits
4.8.6 Renewable energy
4.9 Conclusions
Chapter 5
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Climate Change: Historical Trends and Future Projections
5.2.1 Historical temperature trends
5.2.2 Historical precipitation trends
5.2.3 Caveats and research gaps
5.2.4 Future climate projections
5.2.5 Caveats and research gaps
5.3 Land Cover and Land Use Pressures
5.3.1 Changes in land cover
5.3.2 Changes in land use
5.3.3 Demographic changes
5.4 Resource Development Pressures
5.4.1 Resource extraction and development
5.4.2 Logging pressures
5.4.3 Mining and fossil fuel pressures
5.4.4 Invasive species
5.5 Growing Pressures from Mountain Tourism and Recreation
5.6 Changes in the Governance of Mountain Spaces
5.7 Threats and Impacts from a Changing Cryosphere
5.7.1 Changes in snowpack
5.7.2 Changes to glaciers
5.7.3 Changes in permafrost
5.8 Threats and Impacts from Changing Water Resources
5.8.1 Changes in water supply
5.8.2 Water quality
5.9 Risks and Vulnerability from Changing Mountain Hazards
5.10 Threats and Impacts on Ecosystems
5.10.1 Changes in treeline and shrubification
5.10.2 Changes in stream ecosystems
5.10.3 Changes in mountain wetlands
5.10.4 Changes in wildlife, human, and more-than-human relations
5.11 Impacts on Socio-Cultural Systems
5.11.1 Threats to Indigenous livelihoods and knowledge systems
5.11.2 Threats to community health and wellbeing
5.11.3 Threats to mountain tourism and recreation
5.12 Adaptation to Changing Pressures
5.13 Conclusions
Chapter 6
6.1 Connectivity
6.2 Elevating Indigenous Knowledges
6.3 Access and Barriers to Relationships
6.4 Humility
6.5 Endings as Beginnings
Appendix I: Contributor Bios
Appendix II: LEARNING CIRCLE Contributions
Appendix III: Map Data
About This Text
The Canadian Mountain Assessment
Annotate
Close
Next Chapter
Title page
Previous
Next
Canadian Mountain Assessment