List of Figures

0.1 Canada-U.S. border watersheds. Map by Jason Glatz, Western Michigan University.

0.2 Canada-U.S. precipitation. Map by Jason Glatz, Western Michigan University.

1.1 Great Lakes watershed. Map by Jason Glatz, Western Michigan University.

2.1 Constructing identity through maps: Canada. Wooden Canada map puzzle, Melissa & Doug, http://www.melissaanddoug.com.

2.2 Constructing identity through maps: The United States. Wooden USA map puzzle, Melissa & Doug, http://www.melissaanddoug.com.

2.3 Waterways of the Salish Sea and surrounding basin. Map by Stefan Freelan, Western Washington University.

2.4 Billy Frank Jr. (1931–2014). Photo by Mariah Dodd, Northwest Indian College.

2.5 Coast Salish Gatherings. Map by Eric Leinberger, University of British Columbia.

3.1 CCGS John A. Macdonald, 1969. “USCGC Staten Island WAGB-278: Historic Photo Gallery,” U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office, accessed August 19, 2016, http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/img/statenisland_1969manhattan_1.jpg.

4.1 St. Lawrence Seaway. Map by Eric Leinberger, from Negotiating a River by Daniel Macfarlane (University of British Columbia Press, 2014). Reproduced with permission of the publisher.

4.2 Mosaic of Proposed Niagara Remedial Works, c. 1935. “Mosaic of Niagara Falls and Vicinity,” plate 5, series A-3-b, vol. 2822, RG25, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa.

4.3 Lake St. Lawrence and Lost Villages. Map by author.

4.4 Ingleside after inundation. Lost Villages Historical Society, Long Sault, Ontario.

4.5 Niagara waterscape. Map by Anders Sandberg and Rajiv Rawat, 2012, based on map by author.

4.6 Horseshoe Falls. Map by author.

4.7 Moses and Beck power stations. Photo by author.

4.8 Robert Moses generating station. Photo by author.

4.9 Lost Village remains. Photo by author.

5.1 GRAND Canal scheme. Map by author.

5.2 Quebec water diversions. Map by author.

6.1 Schematic of Columbia River development, 1948. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Elmer K. Nelson Papers, Water Resources Collections and Archives, University of California – Riverside.

6.2 The four treaty dams on the Columbia River. Map by Jason Glatz.

6.3 W.A.C. Bennett, Lester B. Pearson, and Lyndon Johnson. Cartoon by Stephen Norris, Vancouver Sun, September 16, 1964.

7.1 Salish Sea basin. Map by author.

7.2 PBDEs in salmon. Ronald A. Hites et al., “Global Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Farmed and Wild Salmon,” Environmental Science & Technology 38, no. 19 (2004): 4947. © 2004, American Chemical Society.

7.3 Warning sign, 2015. Photo by Matthew W. Klingle.

8.1 Lean lake trout harvests, 1920–1980. Data from R.E. Hecky et al., Global Great Lakes, University of Minnesota Duluth, 2014, http://www.GlobalGreatLakes.org.

8.2 Lake Superior basin. Map by Jason Glatz, Western Michigan University.

9.1 Iceboating on the St. Lawrence River, 2014. Photo by John Curtis.

9.2 Old Highway 2. Photo by Daniel Macfarlane.

9.3 Terrapin Point. Photo by Daniel Macfarlane.

9.4 Edge of Horseshoe Falls. Photo by Daniel Macfarlane.

9.5 Maple leaf in water. Photo by Daniel Macfarlane.

9.6 “American Ruins 1.” Photo by Lynne Heasley.

9.7 “American Ruins 2.” Photo by Lynne Heasley.