Index
A
Aberdeen, Lord (George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen), 70
Aboriginal Peoples and cultures, 101, 104n8, 202n73, 219, 224. See also First Nations; Indigenous Peoples and cultures; Inuit Peoples an cultures
Alaska, 90, 92, 95, 101, 104n10, 108n49, 153, 216, 223, 226, 285–87, 301
Alberta, 190, 273, 274, 302
Aral Sea, 9
Arctic Cooperation Agreement (1988), 99
Arctic Council, 100–101, 103, 108n53
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy, 100
Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act (1970), 96–98
arid zones, 5, 21n10
Army Corps of Engineers, U.S., 3, 48, 129, 172, 173, 175 fig. 6.1, 176, 293 fig. 9.7
Asian carp, 25n45, 47–48
B
Bay of Fundy, 11
Bennett, W.A.C., 119, 170–71, 178–80, 182–87, 190, 197n47, 199n58
blue green algae, see cyanobacteria
Boldt, George, 75
Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, 11, 12, 13, 40–41, 47, 48, 57, 59, 116, 125, 126, 171, 177, 189
Bourassa, Premier, 118, 121n17, 151, 153, 154–5, 156, 158, 164n3
British Columbia, 119, 153, 217, 274, 286, 301–2, Chapter 6 passim, Chapter 7 passim
C
California, 176, 187, 216, 285–87
Chicago, 18, 45–8, 129, 130, 267
Cities (relations to the Great Lakes), 267
Clark, Joe, 98
Climate change, 31, 35, 62, 117, 211, 255–57, 303, 304
Clinton, Bill, 108n49
Cold War, 13, 87–88, 92, 124, 132, 138, 144, 145, 174, 193n22, 278, 219
Colorado Compact of 1922, 5
Colorado Doctrine, 5
Colorado River, 5, 7, 10, 22n16, 44, 115
Columbia River, 11, 119, 287
Columbia River Treaty (1961), 119
Compact Commissions (empowered to regulate amongst states), 44
Congress (U.S.), 44–45, 48, 55, 56, 58–59
Constitution (U.S.), 58–59
Convention of 1818, 70
cyanobacteria, 31, 36n5
D
Diefenbaker, John, 170–2, 180, 182, 184–85, 189, 192n14, 197n47
diversion (conflicts and/or rules regarding), 46–48, 52, 53–54, 55, 60, 115, 117, 118–19, 124–26, 129–31, 135, 137, 144, 146n3, 146n7, 151–53, 155, 161, 163, 164n7, 165n11, 177, 182, 193n27, 193n28, 248
Drain Commissioner, Michigan, 8, 22n23
Dust Bowl, 6
E
Eisenhower, Dwight, 132, 171, 180, 182, 192n14
enforcement problems, 49, 51, 57–58, 60, 91. See also sovereignty
Environment Canada, 49, 77
Environmental Protection Agency, 49, 77
equitable apportionment, doctrine of, 43
F
First Nations, 13, 66, 82, 190, 202n73, 219, 226. See also Aboriginal Peoples and cultures; Indigenous Peoples and cultures
Flint, Michigan, 8. See also Drain Commissioner, Michigan.
Frank, Billy (Jr.), 71 fig. 2.4, 72, 74–75
Free Trade Agreement (1988), 117
G
GRAND, See Great Re-cycling and Northern Development Canal
Great Lakes Charter (1985), 31, 32, 51, 53. See also Great Lakes Charter Agreement Annex
Great Lakes Charter Agreement Annex (2001), 53–54, 56
Great Lakes Basin Compact (1968, U.S. interstate), 45, 59
Great Lakes Agreement and/or Compact. See following entry
Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact (effective 2008) and companion Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement (binational), 4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 32, 35, 53, 56–61
Great Lakes Fishery Commission (est. 1955), 32
Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (est. 1978), 33, 49–51, 145
Great Re-cycling and Northern Development Canal, 4, 118, 151, 154–55, 160, 164n3
grid (electrical), 187, 189, 193n21, 202n71
Ground water, 55, 79, 161, 246
Gulf of Mexico, 274, 278
H
Hepburn, Mitch, 129
High Modernism, 16, 17, 136–38
Hudson Bay, 4, 7, 273
I
Idaho, 301
IJC, See International Joint Commission
Illinois, 46
Indian Affairs (U.S.), 75
Indiana, 56
Indigenous Peoples and cultures, 14, 17, 34, 66, 69, 72–76, 77, 82, 87, 88, 89, 90, 100–101, 103, 104n8, 108n49, 171, 201n73, 202n73, 217, 219, 224, 246, 248. See also Aboriginal Peoples and cultures; First Nations; Indian Affairs (U.S.); Inuit Peoples and Cultures
integrity (as a broad goal beyond ecology), 47
International Boundary Commission, 70
International Conference on Water and the Environment (and Dublin Statement on Water and Sustainable Development of 1992), 78
International Joint Commission, 11, 12, 13, 40, 49, 50–52, 79–80, 81, 85n27, 116, 125, 131, 135, 170, 176, 177, 180, 189, 196n38, 201n69
International Waterways Commission (est. 1903), 115–16
interstate compacts (as a type of law), 44
Inuit Circumpolar Council, 101, 103, 108n50
Inuit Peoples and culture, 89, 90, 94, 101, 102, 103, 104n7, 104n8, 108n50. See also Inuit Circumpolar Council
J
James Bay, 4, 151, 161, 164n2, See also Great Re-cycling and Northern Development Canal.
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 186, 187, 200n61
K
Kansas, 256
Kansas v. Colorado (1907), 43
Kennedy, John F., 182, 185
Kierans, Tom, 4
L
Lake Champlain-Richelieu River basin, 31
Lake Erie, 46, 295
Lake Huron, 3, 7, 33, 46
Lake Michigan, 7, 46, 114
Lake Ontario, 46
Lake of the Woods, 70
Lake Superior, 4, 289
Lake Winnipeg, 31, 36n6
lake trout, 31, 258n5
M
Maine, 301
Manitoba, 101, 153, 211, 302
McNaughton, A.G.L., 170, 177, 195n30
media (biases in attention of), 35
Medicine Creek Treaty (1854), 75
Mexico, 115, 207
Michigan, 8, 32, 48, 56, 211, 265–56, 267, 279, 289, 295, 301. See also Drain Commissioner, Michigan.
Minnesota, 48, 70, 207, 211, 289, 301
Mississippi River, 22n16, 46, 48
Missouri, 46
Montana, 177, 186, 215, 274, 301
Montreal, 134
N
Native American Peoples and cultures. See Indigenous Peoples and cultures. See also Aboriginal Peoples and Cultures; First Nations
navigation (distinct early purpose for waterways), 40, 46, 47, 49, 113, 115, 124, 125, 130, 172. Of the Northwest Passage, Chapter 3 passim
New Hampshire, 301
New York State, 70, 124, 131–32, 144, 289
Newfoundland, 153
North American Free Trade Agreement (1994), 117
Northwest Boundary Survey (1857–1861), 71
Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission, 75
Northwest Passage, 300, Chapter 3 passim
nuclear power, 154. See also radioactive waste
nuisance law, 45
O
Obama, Barack, 48
Ogallala Aquifer, 3, 7, 117
Ohio, 48, 291
Ontario, 4, 45, 124, 131–32, 144, 207, 211, 279, 301–2, 303
Oregon, 216, 285
Oregon Treaty of 1846, 70–71
Ottawa River, 161
P
Palliser, John, 5
Paradox of Abundance, 2–3, 7–10
PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls and related chemicals), 30, 94, 212, 231n7, Chapter 7 passim, Chapter 8 passim
Peace River, 179–80, 183–84
Pearson, Lester B., 92, 106n29, 185, 186–87, 198n54
Pennsylvania, 48, 301
Policy implementation (messy history of), 35
Polk, James K., 70
Powell, John Wesley, 5, 78
prior appropriation right, 5, 6
public trust doctrine, 10
Q
Quebec, 4, 45, 70, 301–2
R
radioactive waste, 33
Reclamation Act (1902), 114
Red River-Lake Winnipeg basin, 31
riparian rights, 5
Roosevelt, F.D.R., 129, 193n22
S
Salish Sea, 11, 76–77, 285–87, Chapter 2 passim
Saskatchewan, 190, 273, 279, 302
Seward, William H., 90
Sporhase v. Nebraska, 3, 4
St. Laurent, Louis, 91, 104n13, 131–32, 142, 170
St. Lawrence River, 11, 13, 14
St. Lawrence Seaway and Power Project, 13, 24n40, 131–34
sea lamprey, 32, 261n42, 262n44, 262n46
sovereignty (as fact and/or issue, including intranationally), 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 40–41, 43–45, 57, 76, 78, 89, 93, 95–99, 103n5, 104n10, 106n29, 107n34, 143–44, 149n32, 150n35, 158, 183, 189, 191n5, 199n56, 200n59, 202n74, 219, 228, 300, 302
storage of water on mass scale, 173, 174, 175–76, 177, 178–79, 187, 191n9, 193n19, 196n38
Supreme Court, U.S., 3, 10, 43, 45–47, 48
T
Taft, William Howard, 47
Trudeau, Justin, 156
Trudeau, Pierre, 49, 96, 106n29
Truman, 131, 132
U
United Nations, 41
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 94, 98, 99
U.S.-Canada Convention on Great Lakes Fisheries (1955), 31
U.S. Geological Survey, 77
V
Vermont, 70
W
Washington (State of), 216, 217
water quality improvement and restoration, 54, 58
Water Resources Development Act (1986), 55, 56
Welland Canal (est. 1829), 14, 125, 240–41, 251–52
Wisconsin, 48, 211, 247
Wisconsin v. Illinois, 45, 48
withdrawals (limits on), 52, 53–54, 57–58, 60, 117, 167n43