Contents

Dedication: The Mush Hole Rubric

David Monture

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Abbreviations

Preface

Richard W. Hill, Sr.

Introduction

Jennifer Pettit

The Russ Moses Residential School Memoir

John Moses and Russ Moses

Part 1. Historical Overview and Context of the Mohawk Institute

1. “To Shake Off the Rude Habits of Savage Life”: The Foundations of the Mohawk Institute to the Early 1900s

Jennifer Pettit

2. “The Difficulties of Making an Indian into a White Man, Were Not Thoroughly Appreciated”: The Mohawk Institute, 1904 to the Present

Jennifer Pettit

Part 2. Teachers, Curriculum, and Tools of Control

3. The Indian Normal School: The Role of the Mohawk Institute in the Training of Indigenous Teachers in the Late Nineteenth Century

Alison Norman

4. Teaching Control and Service: The Use of Military Training at the Mohawk Institute

Evan Habkirk

5. “New Weapons”: Race, Indigeneity, and Intelligence Testing at the Mohawk Institute, 1920–1949

Alexandra Giancarlo

Part 3. The Building, the Grounds, and Commemoration

6. A “Model” School: An Architectural History of the Mohawk Institute

Magdalena Miłosz

7. The Stewardship, Preservation, and Commemoration of the Mohawk Institute

Cody Groat

Part 4. Survival and Resistance

8. Ten Years of Student Resistance at the Mohawk Institute, 1903–1913

Diana Castillo

9. ęhǫwadihsadǫ ne:ˀhniˀ gadigyenǫ:gyeˀs ganahaǫgwęˀ ęyagǫnhehgǫhǫ:k / They Buried Them, but They the Seeds Floated Around What Will Sustain Them

Teri Lyn Morrow, Bonnie Freeman, and Sandra Juutilainen

Part 5. The New England Company and the Mohawk Institute

10. A Model to Follow? The Sussex Vale Indian School

Thomas Peace

11. Robert Ashton, the New England Company, and the Mohawk Institute, 1872–1910

William Acres

12. The Lands of the Mohawk Institute: Robert Ashton and the Demise of the New England Company’s “Station,” 1891–1922

William Acres

Part 6. Student Experiences and Voices

13. Life at the Mohawk Institute During the 1860s

Thomas Peace and the 2018 Huron University College Students in HIS 3201E

14. Collecting the Evidence: Restoration and Archaeology at the Mohawk Institute

Sarah Clarke, Paul Racher, and Tara Froman

15. Collective Trauma and the Role of Religion in the Mohawk Institute Experience

Wendy Fletcher

16. Concluding Voices: Survivor Stories of Life Behind the Bricks

Richard W. Hill, Sr.

Closing Poems

Jimmie Edgar
Bud Whiteye

Appendix 1. History of Six Nations Education by Keith Jamieson

Appendix 2. Mohawk Institute Students Who Became Teachers

Suggested Reading

Acknowledgements

Contributors

Index