© 2025 Victoria Freeman

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This book is available in an Open Access digital format published under a CC-BY-NCND 4.0 Creative Commons license. The publisher should be contacted for any commercial use which falls outside the terms of that license.

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Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Where histories meet : Indigenous and settler encounters in the Toronto area / Victoria Freeman.

Names: Freeman, Victoria (Victoria Jane), author

Description: Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20250217686 | Canadiana (ebook) 20250217694 | ISBN 9781773856438 (softcover) | ISBN 9781773856421 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781773856445 (open access PDF) | ISBN 9781773856452 (PDF) | ISBN 9781773856469 (EPUB)

Subjects: LCSH: Indigenous peoples—Ontario—Toronto—History—19th century. | LCSH: Indigenous peoples— Ontario—Toronto—Social conditions—19th century. | LCSH: Colonists—Ontario—Toronto—History—19th century. | LCSH: Colonists—Ontario—Toronto—Social conditions—19th century. | LCSH: Toronto (Ont.)— Ethnic relations—History—19th century. | LCSH: Toronto (Ont.)—Race relations—History—19th century. | LCSH: Toronto (Ont.)—History—19th century.

Classification: LCC E78.O5 F744 2025 | DDC 971.3/5400497—dc23

The University of Calgary Press acknowledges the support of the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund for our publications. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program.

This book draws on research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. We acknowledge the support of York University Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies and Office of the Vice-President Research & Innovation, University of Toronto Libraries, and Toronto and Region Conservation Authority via the Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario for this research.

The manufacturer’s authorized representative in the EU for product safety is Mare Nostrum Group B.V., Mauritskade 21D, 1091 GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: gpsr@mare-nostrum.co.uk

Copyediting by Lesley Erickson

Cover art: Wampum illustrations by Kaia'tanoron Dumoulin Bush. Map detail from “A Map of the Province of Upper Canada Describing All the New Settlements, Townships,” Sir David William Smyth, 1800.

Cover design, page design, and typesetting by Melina Cusano