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Where Histories Meet: Maps

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table of contents
  1. Contents
  2. Maps
  3. Introduction: Where Histories Meet
  4. Part One: The Toronto Carrying Place
    1. Toronto’s Indigenous Name
    2. Deep Time in the Humber River Watershed
    3. Trade and Colonial Rivalries
  5. Founding York
    1. Early British Treaties
    2. Turning Indigenous Territory into Private Property
    3. Indigenous-Settler Encounters
    4. Settlers on Indigenous Lands
  6. Changing Relationships
    1. The War of 1812 and Its Aftermath
    2. The Postwar Fur Trade along Yonge Street
    3. Deforestation, Farming, and Milling
  7. The Civilizational Agenda
    1. Indigenous Christianity
    2. Yonge Street Camp Meetings
    3. The Credit Mission
    4. The Coldwater and the Narrows Settlement
    5. “Progress,” Setbacks, and Strategies for Self-Sufficiency
  8. Agency in Times of Struggle
    1. The Quest for Secure Land Tenure
    2. Defending the Crown
    3. Surviving, Rebuilding, Adapting, Resisting
    4. From Civilization to Assimilation
    5. Black Wampum
  9. New Strategies for Dark Times
    1. The Indian Act and the Great Council Fire
    2. After 1876
    3. Conclusion: Confronting History, (Re)making History
  10. Acknowledgements
  11. Selected Bibliography
  12. Map Credits
  13. Notes
  14. Index

Maps

Geographic focus of Where Histories Meet

Toronto Carrying Place portage routes, by Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin, 1688

Toronto Carrying-Place Trail (east and west)

John Graves Simcoe’s 1793 journey to Matchedash Bay

Historical Wendat and adjacent Iroquoian societies

Haudenosaunee villages on the north shore of Lake Ontario, late seventeenth century

Humber and Black Creek watersheds

Historical Wendat, Seneca, and Mississauga villages on the Humber River

Mississauga routes into southern Ontario

Anishinaabe place names, south-central Ontario

Regional Anishinaabe Council Fires

The Humber route of the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail

Fur trade from the Humber River to French and English trading posts and centres

Lands granted to the Six Nations through the Haldimand Proclamation of 1784

British land purchase strategy, 1783–88

Land ceded in 1805 Treaty 13 according to a 1911 map

Treaty 13 boundaries superimposed on a modern road map

Detail from “A Map of the Province of Upper Canada,” 1800

Early settlers near The Village at Black Creek

Indigenous engagement in selected battles in the War of 1812

The Mississaugas and Chippewas at the Battle of York, 1813

Anishinaabe land treaties, by date

Mississaugas of the Credit land treaties, 1781–1820

Regional fur trade via Newmarket and Holland Landing

Mills in the Greater Toronto Area, 1859–60

The King’s Mill on the Humber River, 1793

Indigenous attendance at Yonge St. Methodist gatherings

Peter Jones’ missionary travels and fundraising tours

Credit Mission and land cessions on the Credit River

Chippewa family traditional hunting territories as described in 1923

The Coldwater and Narrows Reserve (1830–36) and present-day First Nations

Chippewa and settler villages at Orillia, 1836

Saugeen “Indian Territories,” 1844

Lots purchased for the Chippewas of Rama Reserve

Mississaugas of Scugog Island Reserve, 1844

Reduction of Six Nations lands and Mississauga relocation to New Credit

Participating communities at the Grand General Council, 1870–1906

Relationship Charts

Chiefs of Lakes Huron and Simcoe in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and mid-nineteenth centuries

Mississauga relations of Augustus Jones

Haudenosaunee relations of Augustus Jones

Relations of Thayendanegea / Joseph Brant

The Fishers and related families

Borland & Roe, Newmarket fur traders, and their connections

Peter and William Robinson, fur traders of Newmarket and Holland Landing

Dr. Peter Edmund Jones’ family tree

Dr. Oronhyatekha’s family tree

Colour map. Map of southern Ontario, showing the locations of present-day First Nations. The Humber Watershed and Black Creek Watershed are highlighted.

The geographic focus of Where Histories Meet

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Introduction: Where Histories Meet
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© 2025 Victoria Freeman
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